Asthmatic symptoms and volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and carbon dioxide in dwellings.

Norbäck, Dan; Björnsson, E.; Janson, Christer; Widström, John; Boman, Gunnar

doi:10.1136/oem.52.6.388

Cited by 278 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…10,11,[48][49][50][51][52] Considerable literature firmly establishes that the presence of cockroaches and rodents (i.e., pests) is associated with higher levels of asthma morbidity. 5,10,24,51,[53][54][55][56][57] Likewise, recent literature has highlighted the relationship between asthma morbidity and building types such as public housing; 54,58 mixed-use buildings, i.e., property containing both residential and commercial space; [59][60][61] and building size. [9][10][11]62,63 Lastly, indoor allergens and asthma morbidity have also been linked to building conditions; in particular older buildings and building violations in or near the residential building have been associated.…”

Section: Asthma and Indoor Allergensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Building-Level Characteristics Associated with Indoor Allergens in the Household?

et al. 2011

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Building-level characteristics are structural factors largely beyond the control of those who live in them. We explored whether building-level characteristics and indoor allergens in the household are related. We examined the relationship between building-level characteristics and indoor allergens: dust mite, cat, cockroach, and mouse. Building-level characteristics measured were presence of pests (seeing cockroaches and rodents), building type (public housing, buildings zoned commercially and residentially, and building size), and building condition (building age and violations). Allergen cutpoints were used for categorical analyses and defined as follows: dust mite: 90.25 μg/g; cat: 91 μg/g; cockroach: 91 U/g; mouse: 91.6 μg/g. In fully adjusted linear analyses, neither dust mite nor cat allergen were statistically significantly associated with any building-level characteristics. Cockroach allergen was associated with the presence of cockroaches (2.07; 95% CI, 1.23, 3.49) and living in public housing (2.14; 95% CI, 1.07, 4.31). Mouse allergen was associated with the presence of rodents (1.70; 95% CI, 1.29, 2.23), and building size: living in a low-rise (G8 floors; 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42, 0.87) or high-rise (8+floors; 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29, 0.88; compared with house/duplex). In fully adjusted logistic analyses, cat allergen was statistically significantly associated with living in a high-rise (6.29; 95% CI, 1.51, 26.21; compared with a house/duplex). Mouse allergen was associated with living in public housing (6.20; 95% CI, 1.01, 37.95) and building size: living in a low-rise (0.16; 95% CI, 0.05, 0.52) or high-rise (0.06; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.50; compared with a house/duplex). Issues concerning building size and public housing may be particularly critical factors in reducing asthma morbidity. We suggest that future research explore the possible improvement of these factors through changes to building code and violations adherence, design standards, and incentives for landlords.

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Section: Asthma and Indoor Allergensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Building-Level Characteristics Associated with Indoor Allergens in the Household?

et al. 2011

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“…Norbäck et al (149), using a survey sample of 600 adults 20-44 years of age in Uppsala, Sweden, selected a nonrandom subsample of 47 subjects reporting asthma attacks or nocturnal breathlessness the last 12 months or reporting current use of asthma medications. A random subsample of 41 other subjects was selected from the survey pool with negative responses.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Voc Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Delfino

2002

Environ Health Perspect

269

152

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Outdoor ambient air pollutant exposures in communities are relevant to the acute exacerbation and possibly the onset of asthma. However, the complexity of pollutant mixtures and etiologic heterogeneity of asthma has made it difficult to identify causal components in those mixtures. Occupational exposures associated with asthma may yield clues to causal components in ambient air pollution because such exposures are often identifiable as single-chemical agents (e.g., metal compounds). However, translating occupational to community exposure-response relationships is limited. Of the air toxics found to cause occupational asthma, only formaldehyde has been frequently investigated in epidemiologic studies of allergic respiratory responses to indoor air, where general consistency can be shown despite lower ambient exposures. The specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified in association with occupational asthma are generally not the same as those in studies showing respiratory effects of VOC mixtures on nonoccupational adult and pediatric asthma. In addition, experimental evidence indicates that airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures linked to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) have proinflammatory effects on airways, but there is insufficient supporting evidence from the occupational literature of effects of DEPs on asthma or lung function. In contrast, nonoccupational epidemiologic studies have frequently shown associations between allergic responses or asthma with exposures to ambient air pollutant mixtures with PAH components, including black smoke, high home or school traffic density (particularly truck traffic), and environmental tobacco smoke. Other particle-phase and gaseous co-pollutants are likely causal in these associations as well. Epidemiologic research on the relationship of both asthma onset and exacerbation to air pollution is needed to disentangle effects of air toxics from monitored criteria air pollutants such as particle mass. Community studies should focus on air toxics expected to have adverse respiratory effects based on biological mechanisms, particularly irritant and immunological pathways to asthma onset and exacerbation.

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“…It has also been reported to lead to shortness of breath, asthmatic symptoms and skin eruptions at concentrations over 0.1 ppm in some people (Krzyzanowski et al 1990;Norback et al 1995;Rumchev et al 2002). International Agency for on Cancer (IARC) has classified formaldehyde as Group 2A carcinogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Formaldehyde Levels in 100 Furniture Workshops in Ankara

Vaizoğlu

Aycan

Akın

et al. 2005

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Asthmatic symptoms and volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and carbon dioxide in dwellings.

Cited by 278 publications

References 30 publications

Are Building-Level Characteristics Associated with Indoor Allergens in the Household?

Are Building-Level Characteristics Associated with Indoor Allergens in the Household?

Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and exposure to air toxics: linkages between occupational, indoor, and community air pollution research.

Determination of Formaldehyde Levels in 100 Furniture Workshops in Ankara

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