Astrobiology in Space: A Comprehensive Look at the Solar System

Abstract

The field of astrobiology aims to understand the origin of life on Earth and searches for evidence of life beyond our planet. Although there is agreement on some of the requirements for life on Earth, the exact process by which life emerged from prebiotic conditions is still uncertain, leading to various theories. In order to expand our knowledge of life and our place in the universe, scientists look for signs of life through the use of biosignatures, observations that suggest the presence of past or present life. These biosignatures often require up-close investigation by orbiters and landers, which have been employed in various space missions. Mars, because of its proximity and Earth-like environment, has received the most attention and has been explored using (sub)surface sampling and analysis. Despite its inhospitable surface conditions, Venus has also been the subject of space missions due to the presence of potentially habitable conditions in its atmosphere. In addition, the discovery of habitable environments on icy moons has sparked interest in further study. This article provides an overview of the origin of life on Earth and the astrobiology studies carried out by orbiters and landers.

Exploring the Chemical Space of C2H3NO Isomers and Bimolecular Reactions with Hydrogen Cyanide and Formaldehyde: Insights into the Emergence of Life

“…Understanding the chemical processes that gave rise to life on Earth and potentially elsewhere in the universe is a central question in astrobiology. − In this context, prebiotic molecules, which are precursors to biological molecules, are of particular interest. − The interstellar medium (ISM) is known to harbor diverse organic molecules, including some prebiotic molecules. − Continuous advancements in observational and detection techniques have led to the discovery of an increasing number of molecules in the ISM. − Each new detection enhances our understanding of the complex chemistry of the ISM, elucidating potential formation pathways and strengthening our knowledge of the astrobiological relevance of these molecules. , …”