Astrophotonics: a new era for astronomical instruments

Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Kern, P.

doi:10.1364/oe.17.001880

Cited by 132 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The field of astrophotonics aims at applying photonic technologies to astronomical instruments [112]. Compared to bulk optical instruments, photonic instruments are more compact and environmental stable, and they offer the potential for mass production and thereby are more cost efficient.…”

Section: Astrophotonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

2015

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Since the discovery that tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses can induce a highly localised and permanent refractive index modification in a large number of transparent dielectrics, the technique of ultrafast laser inscription has received great attention from a wide range of applications. In particular, the capability to create three-dimensional optical waveguide circuits has opened up new opportunities for integrated photonics that would not have been possible with traditional planar fabrication techniques because it enables full access to the many degrees of freedom in a photon. This paper reviews the basic techniques and technological challenges of 3D integrated photonics fabricated using ultrafast laser inscription as well as reviews the most recent progress in the fields of astrophotonics, optical communication, quantum photonics, emulation of quantum systems, optofluidics and sensing.

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Section: Astrophotonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

2015

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“…Astrophotonics is a new approach that will miniaturize the next-generation spectrometers for large telescopes by the virtue of its two-dimensional structure. 2 As each pixel is a fiber at the slit, the collimating lenses are no longer required. The light is guided through the fibers and waveguides into the 2-dimensional structure for dispersion, thus reducing the size of spectroscopic instrumentation to few centimeters and the weight to a few hundreds of grams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of high-resolution arrayed waveguide grating spectrometers for astronomical applications: first results

Gatkine

Veilleux

et al. 2016

SPIE Proceedings

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Astrophotonics is the next-generation approach that provides the means to miniaturize near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers for upcoming large telescopes and make them more robust and inexpensive. The target requirements for our spectrograph are: a resolving power of ∼3000, wide spectral range (J and H bands), free spectral range of about 30 nm, high on-chip throughput of about 80% (-1dB) and low crosstalk (high contrast ratio) between adjacent on-chip wavelength channels of less than 1% (-20 dB). A promising photonic technology to achieve these requirements is Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWGs). We have developed our first generation of AWG devices using a silica-on-silicon substrate with a very thin layer of Si 3 N 4 in the core of our waveguides. The waveguide bending losses are minimized by optimizing the geometry of the waveguides. Our first generation of AWG devices are designed for H band have a resolving power of ∼1500 and free spectral range of ∼ 10 nm around a central wavelength of 1600 nm. The devices have a footprint of only 12 mm × 6 mm. They are broadband (1450-1650 nm), have a peak on-chip throughput of about 80% (∼ -1 dB) and contrast ratio of about 1.5% (-18 dB). These results confirm the robustness of our design, fabrication and simulation methods. Currently, the devices are designed for Transverse Electric (TE) polarization and all the results are for TE mode. We are developing separate J-and H-band AWGs with higher resolving power, higher throughput and lower crosstalk over a wider free spectral range to make them better suited for astronomical applications.

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“…Given the importance of both mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared regions for molecular spectroscopy for chemical and biological sensing, 1 hyperspectral imaging, 2 standoff detection, 3 mid-infrared astronomy 4 and astrophotonics, 5 considerable progress has been made in group IV infrared photonics using both silicon and germanium. [6][7][8] Ge is especially suitable for mid-infrared nonlinear optics because of its exceptionally high values of important nonlinear optical coefficients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optics in germanium mid-infrared fiber material: Detuning oscillations in femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy

et al. 2017

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Germanium optical fibers hold great promise in extending semiconductor photonics into the fundamentally important mid-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The demonstration of nonlinear response in fabricated Ge fiber samples is a key step in the development of mid-infrared fiber materials. Here we report the observation of detuning oscillations in a germanium fiber in the mid-infrared region using femtosecond dispersed pump-probe spectroscopy. Detuning oscillations are observed in the frequency-resolved response when mid-infrared pump and probe pulses are overlapped in a fiber segment. The oscillations arise from the nonlinear frequency resolved nonlinear (χ(3)) response in the germanium semiconductor. Our work represents the first observation of coherent oscillations in the emerging field of germanium mid-infrared fiber optics.

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Astrophotonics: a new era for astronomical instruments

Cited by 132 publications

References 10 publications

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

Ultrafast-laser-inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications

Development of high-resolution arrayed waveguide grating spectrometers for astronomical applications: first results

Nonlinear optics in germanium mid-infrared fiber material: Detuning oscillations in femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy

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