Astrovirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children of less than 5 years of age in Taiwan, 2009

Tseng, Wei-Chen; Wu, Fang‐Tzy; Hsiung, Chao A.; Chang, Wun-Shaing Wayne; Wu, Ho-Sheng; Wu, Ching-Yi; Lin, Jen-Shiou; Yang, Shun-Cheng; Hwang, Kao-Pin; Huang, Yhu-Chering

doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.017

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although the majority of the Classic HAstV cases were observed in autumn 2011, HAstV‐1 was the only one of the three genotypes detected that was also observed in 2012, and considering 2011, was also detected in summer. The high prevalence of HAstV‐1 observed in this study, is in agreement with others studies showing that this genotype is the most prevalent in the Latin American region and worldwide …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Epidemiology and genetic diversity of classic human astrovirus among hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Uruguay

López

Lizasoain

Victoria

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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Classic Human Astrovirus (Classic HAstV) are one of the most important causes of pediatric acute gastroenteritis (AGE), after rotaviruses and arguably caliciviruses. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of Classic HAstV from 175 clinical samples, being 153 stools and 22 vomits, collected from pediatric hospitalized patients with AGE in Salto city, Uruguay, from January 2011 to December 2012. Classic HAstV were detected and genotyped by using a qualitative Retro Transcription-Polimerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) directed to the Open Reading Frame-2 (ORF2) region C. Amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were carried out in order to determine genotypes and lineages. Classic HAstV were detected in 18 out of 175 analyzed samples (10.3%) and 14 of them (78.0%) were successfully sequenced being 6 (42.8%) classified as HAstV-1 (1a lineage), 4 (28.6%) as HAstV-2 (2c lineage), and 4 (28.6%) as HAstV-3 (3c lineage). A higher detection of Classic HAstV infections was observed in autumn for both years of surveillance, and the majority of the positive cases were observed in 2011. The group of children between 2 and 5 years old presented the higher percentage of infections. To our knowledge, the present study represents the first report of astrovirus from acute gastroenteritis cases in Uruguay, evidencing its role as a relevant etiologic agent in severe cases of this disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Epidemiology and genetic diversity of classic human astrovirus among hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Uruguay

López

Lizasoain

Victoria

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The peak of rotavirus infections occurred in March–May and November–January months which was similar with the findings of other studies [Nguyen et al, ; Lou et al, ; Ouyang et al, ; Sai et al, ]. However, different seasonal patterns have been observed in other three viral pathogens, the studies showed that the peak incidence of AstV was in summer months from April to June in Taiwan [Tseng et al, ], a higher frequency of HuCV infection from July to September in Ningxia, China [Zhan et al, ], and AdV infection cases peaked in July in Tianjin, China [Ouyang et al, ]. The study also showed that the peak of AstV, AdV, and HuCV infections appeared earlier than that of rotavirus infections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…It implies that traditional measures used to improve hygiene and sanitation may not prevent the enteric viral infection significantly. To explore the effective prevention and control strategies of viral agents‐induced diarrhea, the pathogens’ epidemiology of viral infections has been examined in some studies based on hospitalization and outpatients’ surveillance [Duan et al, ; Lou et al, ; Ouyang et al, ; Tseng et al, ; Chen et al, ; Lu et al, ; Yu et al, ; Zhang et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiological epidemiology of viral diarrhea on the basis of sentinel surveillance in children younger than 5 years in Gansu, northwest China, 2009-2013

Liu

Meng

et al. 2015

J. Med. Virol.

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To explore the etiological spectrum of diarrhea and its epidemiological characteristics in diarrhea symptoms surveillance cases younger than 5 years from 2009 to 2013 in Gansu province, northwest China. Systematic diarrhea symptoms surveillance were conducted in 27 sentinel sites in Gansu province and outpatients with three or more loose, watery, or sticky pus stools per day were defined as surveillance cases. All stool specimens were tested for Rotavirus, Human calicivirus, Adenovirus, and Astrovirus. Totally, 1,119 cases (51.54%) were identified as any enteric virus. The average isolation rate of Rotavirus was 51.13%, Astrovirus was 10.84%, Adenovirus was 6.94%, and Human calicivirus was 6.60% (P < 0.01). Rotavirus was identified with the highest frequency among these enteric pathogens except in 2011, with a notable downward trend over time (P < 0.01). Rotavirus A was the most proportion in rotavirus, G3P[8] and G9P[8] were the most common combination. Rotavirus mixed Human calicivirus infections was the most common mixed infected patterns. Viral-positive rate was higher among children aged group of 0-12 and 13-24 months (P < 0.01, respectively). The isolation rates of four enteric viral pathogens showed a similar distinct seasonal variation with a higher rate in spring, autumn, and winter months. Rotavirus was the major epidemiological viral pathogen in diarrhea symptom surveillance cases in Gansu province, northwest China, during period 2009-2013. Seasonal and age-related variations were observed in enteric viral pathogen isolation rate. The comprehensive and continuous surveillance is needed to identify the prevalence of different enteric viral pathogens.

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“…Novel HAstVs are part of the neurovirulent astroviruses, which also include animal astroviruses (30). Other unexpected clinical manifestations recently associated with human and animal astroviruses include respiratory tract infections (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37), fever of unknown etiology (38,39), hepatitis (40,41), and severe gout in geese (42). Altogether, these findings suggest that there are probably other still unrecognized divergent astroviruses with clinical implications beyond gastroenteritis in humans and animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Human Astrovirus MLB Replication In Vitro : Persistence in Extraintestinal Cell Lines

Bosch

Pintó

et al. 2019

J Virol

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MLB astroviruses were identified 10 years ago in feces from children with gastroenteritis of unknown etiology and have been unexpectedly detected in severe cases of meningitis/encephalitis, febrile illness of unknown etiology, and respiratory syndromes. The aim of this study was to establish a cell culture system supporting MLB astrovirus replication. We used two clinical strains to infect several cell lines, an MLB1 strain from a gastroenteritis case, and an MLB2 strain associated with a neurologic infection. Efforts to propagate the viruses in the Caco-2 cell line were unsuccessful. In contrast, we identified two human nonintestinal cell lines, Huh-7 and A549, permissive for both genotypes. After serial passages in the Huh-7.5 cell line, the adapted strains were able to establish persistent infections in the Huh-7.5, Huh-7AI, and A549 cell lines, with high viral loads (up to 10 log10 genome copies/ml) detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) in the culture supernatant. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated infection in about 10% of cells in persistently infected cultures. Electron microscopy revealed particles of 32 to 33 nm in diameter after negative staining of cell supernatants and capsid arrays in ultrathin sections with a particularly high production in Huh-7.5 cells. Interferon (IFN) expression by infected cells and effect of exogenous IFN varied depending on the type of infection and the cell line. The availability of a cell culture system to propagate MLB astroviruses represents a key step to better understand their replicative cycle, as well as a source of viruses to conduct a wide variety of basic virologic studies. IMPORTANCE MLB astroviruses are emerging viruses infecting humans. More studies are required to determine their exact epidemiology, but several reports have already identified them as the cause of unexpected clinical diseases, including severe neurologic diseases. Our study provides the first description of a cell culture system for the propagation of MLB astroviruses, enabling the study of their replicative cycle. Moreover, we demonstrated the unknown capacity of MLB astrovirus to establish persistent infections in cell culture. Whether these persistent infections are also established in vivo remains unknown, but the clinical consequences would be of high interest if persistence was confirmed in vivo. Finally, our analysis of IFN expression provides some trails to understand the mechanism by which MLB astroviruses can cause persistent infections in the assayed cultures.

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Astrovirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children of less than 5 years of age in Taiwan, 2009

Abstract: Astrovirus accounted for 1.6% of infections in children under 5 years hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Taiwan. Compared with those caused by rotavirus, the incidence of gastroenteritis in hospitalized children caused by astrovirus was low and the disease severity was mild.

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Epidemiology and genetic diversity of classic human astrovirus among hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Uruguay

Epidemiology and genetic diversity of classic human astrovirus among hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Uruguay

Etiological epidemiology of viral diarrhea on the basis of sentinel surveillance in children younger than 5 years in Gansu, northwest China, 2009-2013

Human Astrovirus MLB Replication In Vitro : Persistence in Extraintestinal Cell Lines

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