Astrovirus outbreak at a pediatric hematology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit despite strict hygiene rules

Doef, Hubert P.J. van der; Bathoorn, Erik; Linden, M. P. M. van der; Wolfs, Tom F. W.; Minderhoud, A.; Bierings, Marc; Wensing, Annemarie M. J.; Lindemans, Caroline A.

doi:10.1038/bmt.2015.337

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Several AstVs can drive neurological symptoms in both human and non-human mammals, with virus being detectable within the brain and cerebrospinal fluid [3,5,7,40,53]. Studies with HAstVs have also reported detectable virus in the blood and the respiratory tract [3,55,83,84], and another study detected an AstV in nasal swabs from dromedary camels [43]. Whether AstVs are able to transmit from these non-gastrointestinal sites or can only disseminate to these sites from gastrointestinal infection has yet to be determined.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and Cross-Species Transmission of Astroviruses

Roach

Langlois

2021

Viruses

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Astroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect mammalian and avian species. In humans, astrovirus infections are one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis in children. Infection has also been linked to serious neurological complications, especially in immunocompromised individuals. More extensive disease has also been characterized in non-human mammalian and avian species. To date, astroviruses have been detected in over 80 different avian and mammalian hosts. As the number of hosts continues to rise, the need to understand how astroviruses transmit within a given species as well as to new host species becomes increasingly important. Here, we review the current understanding of astrovirus transmission, the factors that influence viral spread, and the potential for cross-species transmission. Additionally, we highlight the current gaps in knowledge and areas of future research that will be key to understanding astrovirus transmission and zoonotic potential.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and Cross-Species Transmission of Astroviruses

Roach

Langlois

2021

Viruses

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“…A prospective study in the US also shows that HAstVs may cause 10% of all reported outbreaks in day-care centers [ 107 ]. Outbreaks classically occur in schools, nursing homes and hospitals [ 4 , 106 , 108 , 109 , 110 ], but can also affect neonatal care units and maternity wards [ 111 , 112 ]. Interestingly, an outbreak among young healthy adults in a riot police camp in Korea was caused by HAstV serotype 5, which is rarely identified in sporadic cases of HAstV gastroenteritis [ 113 ].…”

Section: Prevalence and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Classic and Novel Human Astrovirus: Gastroenteritis and Beyond

Bosch

Pintó

et al. 2017

Viruses

165

173

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Since they were identified in 1975, human astroviruses have been considered one of the most important agents of viral acute gastroenteritis in children. However, highly divergent astroviruses infecting humans have been recently discovered and associated with extra-intestinal infections. The report of cases of fatal meningitis and encephalitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals, has broadened their disease spectrum. Although zoonotic transmission among animal and human astroviruses has not been clearly recognized, the genetic similarity between some human and animal viruses makes it likely to occur. This review provides an update on the epidemiology of both classic and novel human astroviruses, and a comprehensive view on confirmed or potential association between astrovirus and human disease.

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“…In a few reports from pediatric oncology patients, sapovirus was recovered infrequently, in Ͻ5% of the cases, with diarrhea resolving between 3 and 21 days (44,45). An astrovirus outbreak in a pediatric hematology and HSCT patients unit revealed that symptoms of astrovirus infections in oncology patients lasted longer and caused more severe dehydration than with sapovirus, and similar to norovirus, shedding could last for several weeks (46). Of note, astrovirus is increasingly being recognized as a neurotropic virus in immunocompromised patients (47).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Diagnosis of Infections in Cancer Patients: Challenges and Opportunities

Babady

2016

J Clin Microbiol

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Infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. The differential diagnosis for these patients is often wide, and the timely selection of the right clinical tests can have a significant impact on their survival. However, laboratory findings with current methodologies are often negative, challenging clinicians and laboratorians to continue the search for the responsible pathogen. Novel methodologies are providing increased sensitivity and rapid turnaround time to results but also challenging our interpretation of what is a clinically significant pathogen in cancer patients. This minireview provides an overview of the most common infections in cancer patients and discusses some of the challenges and opportunities for the clinical microbiologist supporting the care of cancer patients. Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, with 8.2 million deaths reported worldwide in 2012 (1). Common treatment options for oncology patients include hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), chemotherapeutic drugs, and surgical resection. The first successful HSCT was performed in 1959 by E. Donall Thomas in Cooperstown, NY, with infusion of two acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients with bone marrow from their disease-free identical twins. Although initially successful, their remission was short-lived, with recurrence of the disease occurring within a few months of the transplant (2). Today, HSCT is a curative therapy for many types of hematologic malignancies and immune deficiency diseases. E. Donall Thomas and Joseph E. Murray received the 1991 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning "organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease."Of note for microbiologists, the history of cancer chemotherapy started as a history of antibiotics with Paul Ehrlich's discovery in 1909 of arsphenamine (Salvarsan), the first effective treatment against Treponema pallidum infection. Paul Ehrlich also evaluated early versions of alkylating agents to treat cancer but with little hope that these drugs would be curative. Decades of investigations and trials have resulted in the current modern chemotherapeutic agents that are curative for large groups of either hematologic malignancies or solid tumors when used in conjunction with surgical resection (3). CANCER AND INFECTIONSInfections remains a significant cause of death in cancer patients, particularly in HSCT recipients (1). Susceptibility to infections is related to a host's ability to reconstitute their immune system following HSCT and/or chemotherapy treatment. The longer it takes a patient to recover, the higher at risk they are of developing infections. In general, the highest risk of infections occurs in allogeneic HSCT recipients and leukemia patients, and the lowest risk occurs in solid-tumor patients on standard chemotherapy (Table 1) (4). The posttransplant period may be divided into three stages: preengraftment (less than 4 weeks), early postengraftment (3 weeks to 3 months), and late poste...

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Astrovirus outbreak at a pediatric hematology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit despite strict hygiene rules

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Intra- and Cross-Species Transmission of Astroviruses

Intra- and Cross-Species Transmission of Astroviruses

Epidemiology of Classic and Novel Human Astrovirus: Gastroenteritis and Beyond

Laboratory Diagnosis of Infections in Cancer Patients: Challenges and Opportunities

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