Epidemiology of Classic and Novel Human Astrovirus: Gastroenteritis and Beyond

Vu, Diem‐Lan; Bosch, Albert; Pintó, Rosa M.; Guix, Susana

doi:10.3390/v9020033

Cited by 165 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…Enterovirus is not part of this panel, but was detected in 5.3% of samples. Similarly, astrovirus or sapovirus were not specifically analyzed by the multiplex NAT used here, and rates of up to 13.9% and 12.7%, respectively, have been reported in other studies . Given this rather high rate, it is questionable, if astro‐ and sapoviruses are etiologically relevant in all of these cases of otherwise non‐immunodeficient patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Enterovirus detection in patients with acute gastroenteritis in Switzerland

Gosert

Heininger

Hirsch

2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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Acute gastroenteritis (GE) has a major impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet comprehensive data regarding infectious agents including enteroviruses are scarce. We hypothesized that enteroviruses constitute a significant cause of acute GE. We analyzed 677 stool samples from 504 patients, which had been submitted for suspected infectious GE. 0.2 mL of stool suspension was extracted using the Abbott m2000 robot and analysed by multiplex nucleic acid testing (NAT) using the Luminex xTAG gastrointestinal pathogen panel (GPP) as well as by specific NATs detecting enteroviruses and polioviruses. Median age of the patients was 6.6 years (IQR 1.1-50.6; pediatric <18 years). 292 of 677 (43%) samples were positive for at least one pathogen. Enterovirus was detected in 5.3% (36/677) as sole pathogen (67%), and more frequently in children (P = 0.0054). Only rotavirus (18.6%) and norovirus (12.1%) were more frequent. Clostridium difficile and Campylobacter jejuni were detected in 5.5% and 2.2% of stools, respectively. Adenovirus, E. coli O157, Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), Shigella, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica were rare (<1% of samples). Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and poliovirus were not detected. Thus, non-polio enteroviruses are the third most frequent pathogen in acute GE suggesting that enteroviruses may play an important role in GE even in developed, industrial health care settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Enterovirus detection in patients with acute gastroenteritis in Switzerland

Gosert

Heininger

Hirsch

2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Beyond to the gastrointestinal tract infection, some human astroviruses (HAstVs) such as VA1/HMO-C, MLB and the classical HAstV genotypes have already been identified causing encephalitis and meningitis in immunocompromised patients. The proximity to animals, the intravenous treatment of immunoglobulins and the stem cell graft were some of the suggestions from sources of transmission origin, but it has not been confirmed [23].…”

Section: Detection Of Common Canine Enteric Virusesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mamastrovirus 5 detected in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous): Expanding wildlife host range of astroviruses

Alves

Budaszewski

Cibulski

et al. 2018

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Astroviruses are a common cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide and can also cause infection in a range of domestic and wild animal species. Canine astrovirus (formally named as Mamastrovirus 5, MAstV5) has been reported worldwide, and its role as an enteric pathogen is still controversial. Herein, we describe the genomic characterization of a MAstV5 (strain crab-eating fox/2016/BRA) identified in a wild canid (Cerdocyon thous) diagnosed with canine distemper virus (CDV) as causa mortis. The nearly complete genome comprised 6579 nt in length and displayed the archetypal organization of astroviruses. The present report is the first evidence of MAstV5 infection in an animal species other than the dog and highlights a possible natural astrovirus spillover between domestic and wild canids. Moreover, these results show the first evidence of extra-intestinal MAstV5, suggesting a virus systemic spread. This work is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the astroviruses biology and their interactions with the wildlife health.

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“…HAstVs have been found worldwide, but their burden is noteworthy in developing countries. The prevalence among children with AGE is about 5% (ranges from 0 to over 20%), being higher among outpatients than in hospitalized children. HAstV is estimated to contribute to nosocomial infections in approximately 5% of cases .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and molecular investigation of norovirus and astrovirus infections in Rio Branco, Acre, Northern Brazil: A retrospective study

Bitencurt

Siqueira

Medeiros

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Norovirus (NoV) is a major cause of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide, with infections reported in semiclosed environments, particularly in hospitals and nursing homes. Astrovirus (HAstV) is prevalent worldwide, especially in developing countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence, spatial distribution, and genetic diversity of NoV and HAstV in children under 5 years of age in Rio Branco city, Acre State, Amazon Region, Brazil. Stool samples from children with (n = 240) and without (n = 248) AGE were collected from January to December 2012 from seven neighborhoods. The overall NoV prevalence was 12.3% (60 of 488); representing 15.8% (38 of 240) of the symptomatic samples and 8.9% (22 of 248) of the controls. HAstVs infection was observed in 4.7% (23 of 488) of the samples tested, 6.2% (15 of 240) of AGE cases, and 2.4% (6 of 248) of the controls (plus two without information about feces consistency). Infections were found in all age groups with higher frequency in children less than two years of age, for both viruses. NoV was detected in all neighborhoods, with a higher concentration in the fourth (30%; 18 of 60). NoV nucleotide sequencing performed in 86.7% (52 of 60) of the positive samples showed the circulation of the strains GII.4 (57.7%; 30 of 52), GIIPe/GII.4 (19.2%; 10 of 52), GII.7, GII.Pg/GII.1, and GII.Pc (3.8%; 2 of 52 for each), GII.6 and GII.Pg (1.9%; 1 of 52 for each), and GI.3 (7.7%; 4 of 52). Three GII.4 variants were detected: Den Haag_2006b (n = 1), New Orleans_2009 (n = 1), and Sydney_2012 (n = 14). HAstV types HAstV‐1a (81.8%; 9 of 11) and HAstV‐2c (18.2%; 2 of 11) were observed in the 47.8% (11 of 23) of characterized samples. This is the first data obtained in Acre State regarding the prevalence of these viruses and provides epidemiological and molecular information for a better understanding of their role among children with and without AGE.

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Epidemiology of Classic and Novel Human Astrovirus: Gastroenteritis and Beyond

Cited by 165 publications

References 155 publications

Enterovirus detection in patients with acute gastroenteritis in Switzerland

Enterovirus detection in patients with acute gastroenteritis in Switzerland

Mamastrovirus 5 detected in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous): Expanding wildlife host range of astroviruses

Epidemiological and molecular investigation of norovirus and astrovirus infections in Rio Branco, Acre, Northern Brazil: A retrospective study

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