Asupan Yodium, Ekskresi Yodium Urine, dan Goiter pada Wanita Usia Subur di Daerah Endemis Defisiensi Yodium

Abstract

AbstrakRendahnya asupan yodium berhubungan dengan ekskresi yodium urine (EYU) yang tidak normal. Asupan yodium yang terlalu rendah juga menyebabkan kelenjar tiroid tidak mampu mempertahankan sekresi hormon yang adekuat sehingga timbul hipertrofi tiroid yang menimbulkan goiter. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji hubungan asupan yodium, EYU, dan goiter pada wanita usia subur (WUS) di daerah endemis defisiensi yodium. Penelitian observasional potong lintang ini dilakukan pada 115 WUS di Kecamatan Prambanan Sleman yang dipilih secara random. Asupan yodium diukur menggunakan metode food recall 24 jam, EYU diukur dengan metode acid digestion, dan goiter diukur dengan cara palpasi. Hubungan antarvariabel dianalisis dengan uji kai kuadrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subjek dengan asupan yodium kurang sebanyak 83,5% dan asupan yodium cukup sebanyak 16,5%. Subjek dengan goiter sebanyak 13% dan tanpa goiter sebanyak 87%. Subjek defisiensi yodium sebanyak 15,7% (tingkat berat 2,6%; tingkat sedang 3,5%; tingkat ringan 9,6%), yang normal sebanyak 31,3%, sedangkan yang lebih sebanyak 20,8% dan ekses sebanyak 32,2%. Asupan yodium berhubungan dengan EYU, tetapi goiter tidak berhubungan dengan asupan yodium dan EYU. Kata kunci: Asupan yodium, goiter, wanita usia subur, yodium urine AbstractThe low iodine intake, associated with insufficiency of urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Iodine intake is too low, also causes the thyroid gland is unable to maintain adequate hormone secretion, influence the thyroid hypertrophy that causes goitre. This study aimed to examine the relationship of iodine intake, UIC, and goiter on women of childbearing age in endemic areas of iodine deficiency. This cross-sectional observational study was performed 115 randomly selected women of childbearing age at subdistrict of Prambanan, Sleman Regency. Iodine intake was measured using 24-hour food recall method, UIC measured by acid digestion method, and goiter measured by palpation method.The association between variables were analyzed by chi square test. The result that subjects with less iodine intake 83.5%, and 16.5% sufficient iodine intake. Subjects with goiter 13%, 87% non goitre. Iodine deficiency subjects 15.7% (severe 2.6%; moderate 3.5%; mild 9.6%), adequate 31.3%, more than adequate 20.8%, and excessive 32.2%. Iodine intake associated with UIC, but not related between goitre with iodine intake and UIC.

Comparison of Thyroid Hormone Levels between Women Farmers and Non-Farmers in Banten Indonesia

“…Selenium, iron, and vitamin A deficiencies can also exacerbate the effects of iodine deficiency since glutathione peroxidase and deiodinase are selenium-dependent enzymes [ 35 ]. Another study conducted in Prambanan District, Indonesia, which is an agricultural area and an endemic area for iodine deficiency, found that 15.7% of female respondents aged 18–45 years experienced iodine deficiency [ 36 ]. If this condition occurs in pregnant women, it will result in neonatal physical disabilities, mental disabilities, and neurological disorders [ 23 , 35 ].…”

Thyroid Dysfunction, Total Cholesterol Levels and Anthropometric Status in Women of Reproductive Age in Iodine Deficient Area of Prambanan Sub-District, Sleman Regency, Indonesia

“…The higher prevalence of hyperthyroidism than hypothyroidism in IDD endemic areas might be caused by Iodine Induced Hyperthyroidism (IIH). This often associated with the use of iodine prophylaxis such as excess of iodine supplementation, high iodine-containing drugs consumption and frequent consumption of iodine fortified food (Mutalazimah et al 2013).…”

“…The survey result in Prambanan Sub-district, Sleman Mutalazimah et al Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia showed that TGR in women was 13%. Thus, defined as an endemic area of iodine deficiency (Mutalazimah et al 2013). Severe iodine deficiency is the cause of hypothyroidism, mild to moderate iodine deficiency have a higher prevalence of hyperthyroidism.…”