Nitroolefin is an important class of organic synthons. The synthetic method of multicomponent asymmetric cascade reactions involving nitroolefin catalyzed by diarlyprolinol derivatives is quite important for the construction of complex chiral compounds. It is widely used in organic synthesis and new drugs development. In this paper, the multicomponent asymmetric cascade synthesis involving nitroalkenes catalyzed by diarlyprolinol derivatives is comprehensively summarized based on the type of target compounds. In detail, the catalyst systems, reaction mechanisms, experimental results, reaction advantages, existing problems and limitations for this synthetic method are introduced respectively. The future development for this synthetic period is further evaluated as well.