Asymmetric Segregation of PIE-1 in C. elegans Is Mediated by Two Complementary Mechanisms that Act through Separate PIE-1 Protein Domains

Reese, Kimberly J.; Dunn, Melanie A.; Waddle, James A.; Seydoux, Géraldine

doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)00043-5

Cited by 185 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…PIE-1::GFP recapitulates the endogenous PIE-1 localization pattern, which depends upon at least 20 maternal genes (45). As in ama-1(RNAi) embryos, in taf-5(RNAi) embryos, PIE-1::GFP expression and localization patterns were normal at every stage ( Fig.…”

Section: Taf-5 Is Essential During Early Embryonic Development-mentioning

confidence: 72%

A Broad but Restricted Requirement for TAF-5 (Human TAFII100) for Embryonic Transcription inCaenorhabditis elegans

Walker

Blackwell

2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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As conserved components of the transcription factor (TF) IID-and TFTC/SAGA-related complexes, TATAbinding protein-associated factors (TAF II s) are important for eukaryotic mRNA transcription. In yeast, genetic analyses suggest that, although some individual TAF II s are required for transcription of most genes, others have highly specialized functions. Much less is known about the functions of TAF II s in metazoans, which have more complex genomes that include many tissue-specific genes. TAF-5 (human (h) TAF II 100) is of particular interest because it is predicted to have an important structural role. Here we describe the first genetics-based analysis of TAF-5 in a metazoan. By performing RNA interference in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, which can survive for several cell generations without transcription, we found that taf-5 is important for a significant fraction of transcription. However, TAF-5 is apparently not essential for the expression of multiple developmental and other metazoan-specific genes. This phenotype remarkably resembles the previously described effects of similarly depleting two C. elegans histone fold TAF II s, TAF-9 (hTAF II 31/32) and TAF-10 (hTAF II 30), but is distinct from the widespread transcription block caused by TAF-4 (hTAF II 130) depletion. Our findings suggest that TAF-5, TAF-9, and TAF-10 are part of a functional module of TFIID-and TFTC/ SAGA-related complexes that can be bypassed in many metazoan-specific genes.Eukaryotic mRNA transcription requires the coordinate activity of gene-specific activators, coactivator proteins, general transcription factors (TFIIA, 1 TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH), Mediator complexes, and RNA polymerase II (pol II) (1-3). This complexity allows the transcription machinery to communicate with gene-specific regulators through an extraordinary diversity of combinatorial interactions. Genetic studies performed in yeast indicate that, although many transcription machinery components are essential, others seem to perform more specialized roles in regulating subgroups of genes (4 -6). In general, genes involved in maintenance of cell viability are shared by all eukaryotes, suggesting that aspects of their regulation are likely to be conserved between yeast and metazoans. However, most metazoan genes, including those controlling development and differentiation, are not conserved in single cell eukaryotes and may require alternative regulatory strategies (7,8).The general transcription factor TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein along with 12-14 additional polypeptides, the TATA-binding protein-associated factors (TAF II s) 2 (5, 9, 10). The TAF II s are generally conserved in eukaryotes (11). TFIID has various functions during initiation; it appears to possess enzymatic activities, and TAF II s have been implicated in essential interactions with gene-specific activators and with core promoter sequences located near the transcription start site (5, 9, 12, 13). Many TAF II s contain a domain that is related to the histone fold, through w...

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Section: Taf-5 Is Essential During Early Embryonic Development-mentioning

confidence: 72%

A Broad but Restricted Requirement for TAF-5 (Human TAFII100) for Embryonic Transcription inCaenorhabditis elegans

Walker

Blackwell

2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…To evaluate maternal RNA storage we monitored early cell divisions and performed parallel experiments in a transgenic strain that expressed a fusion of the maternally derived germ line protein PIE-1 to GFP. Appropriate localization of PIE-1::GFP depends on at least 20 maternal genes (32). In taf-1(RNAi) embryos PIE-1::GFP expression and localization patterns were normal at every stage ( Fig.…”

Section: Taf-1 Is Essential During Early Embryonic Development-tomentioning

confidence: 92%

“…B, PIE-1::GFP expression in WT and RNAi embryos, examined by fluorescence microscopy. In taf-1(RNAi) embryos, each aspect of PIE-1::GFP germ line and subcellular localization was indistinguishable from WT, including the presence of PIE-1 in germ line RNA-protein P granules (32). C, shortened E2 cell cycle in taf-1(RNAi) embryos.…”

Section: Taf-1 Is Essential During Early Embryonic Development-tomentioning

confidence: 93%

An Extensive Requirement for Transcription Factor IID-specific TAF-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Transcription

Walker

Shi

Blackwell

2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The general transcription factor TFIID sets the mRNA start site and consists of TATA-binding protein and associated factors (TAF II s), some of which are also present in SPT-ADA-GCN5 (SAGA)-related complexes. In yeast, results of multiple studies indicate that TFIID-specific TAF II s are not required for the transcription of most genes, implying that intact TFIID may have a surprisingly specialized role in transcription. Relatively little is known about how TAF II s contribute to metazoan transcription in vivo, especially at developmental and tissuespecific genes. Previously, we investigated functions of four shared TFIID/SAGA TAF II s in Caenorhabditis elegans. Whereas TAF-4 was required for essentially all embryonic transcription, TAF-5, TAF-9, and TAF-10 were dispensable at multiple developmental and other metazoan-specific promoters. Here we show evidence that in C. elegans embryos transcription of most genes requires TFIID-specific TAF-1. TAF-1 is not as universally required as TAF-4, but it is essential for a greater proportion of transcription than TAF-5, -9, or -10 and is important for transcription of many developmental and other metazoan-specific genes. TAF-2, which binds core promoters with TAF-1, appears to be required for a similarly substantial proportion of transcription. C. elegans TAF-1 overlaps functionally with the coactivator p300/ CBP (CBP-1), and at some genes it is required along with the TBP-like protein TLF(TRF2). We conclude that during C. elegans embryogenesis TAF-1 and TFIID have broad roles in transcription and development and that TFIID and TLF may act together at certain promoters. Our findings imply that in metazoans TFIID may be of widespread importance for transcription and for expression of tissue-specific genes.Eukaryotic mRNA transcription involves formation of a preinitiation complex (PIC) 1 at the core promoter, which directs initiation. The PIC includes a set of general transcription factors (TFIIA, B, D, E, F, and H) and a mediator complex, along with RNA polymerase II (pol II) (1, 2). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae many PIC components have surprisingly specific roles at particular gene subsets (3, 4). Much less is known about how individual PIC components contribute to transcription regulation in metazoans, which have evolved a greater complexity of stage-and tissue-specific gene control and additional genes that are not present in yeast.The general transcription factor TFIID is of particular interest because it establishes the start site and provides enzymatic activities that may regulate transcription (5, 6). TFIID is comprised of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) along with ϳ14 TBP-associated factors (TAF II s). TAF II s interact with core promoter elements and contact a diverse array of upstream transactivators (5-8). TAF-1 and TAF-2 together bind directly to the initiator (Inr) element, which encompasses the start site (9). TAF-1, the largest TAF II , is also necessary for TFIID stability and possesses histone acetyltransferase, kinase, and ubiquitin conjugating activitie...

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“…Ils sont initialement répartis de manière uniforme dans le cytoplasme des zygotes non polarisés. Lors des événements précoces de contraction du cortex vers le pôle antérieur, des flots cytoplasmiques inverses se déplaçant du pôle antérieur vers le pôle postérieur provoquent l'enrichissement des granules P et de PIE-1 au pôle postérieur (Figure 2) [25]. Les granules P y sont alors stabilisés par la protéine PAR-1 [4].…”

Section: Distribution Asymétrique Des Déterminants Du Devenir Cellulaireunclassified

“…En parallèle, une dégradation locale des granules P se produit au pôle antérieur. La protéine PIE-1, qui reste présente dans AB après la première division, est activement dégradée par l'intermédiaire de la protéine ZIF-1 et du complexe E3 ligase elongin C/CUL-2 [25]. Ainsi, PIE-1 et les granules P sont exclusivement localisés dans P1, cellule précurseur de la lignée germinale.…”

Section: Distribution Asymétrique Des Déterminants Du Devenir Cellulaireunclassified

Mécanismes de division cellulaire asymétrique

2010

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Asymmetric Segregation of PIE-1 in C. elegans Is Mediated by Two Complementary Mechanisms that Act through Separate PIE-1 Protein Domains

Cited by 185 publications

References 59 publications

A Broad but Restricted Requirement for TAF-5 (Human TAFII100) for Embryonic Transcription inCaenorhabditis elegans

A Broad but Restricted Requirement for TAF-5 (Human TAFII100) for Embryonic Transcription inCaenorhabditis elegans

An Extensive Requirement for Transcription Factor IID-specific TAF-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Transcription

Mécanismes de division cellulaire asymétrique

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