“…The fracture parameter, known as the J ‐integral, was determined from both
(Figure 5c) and
(Figure 5d) using the HRR near‐tip singularity solution. [
32–35 ] The HRR near‐tip singularity solution can determine the J ‐integral from the effective strain field or from the separate strain field components, whereas the line integral method would require strain components as well as the effective strain. Because the ML field can only be mapped to an effective strain field, the HRR near‐tip singularity solution is a more suitable method to determine the J ‐integral from the ML field.…”