Atheroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of trans-chalcone through modification of eNOS/AMPK/KLF-2 pathway and regulation of COX-2, Ang-II, and PDGF mRNA expression in NMRI mice fed HCD

A review on contemporary nanomaterial-based therapeutics for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) with special reference to the Indian scenario

“…Diabetic foot ulcers are considered to be a multiplex mechanism involving various complications such as diabetic neuropathy (DN), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), retinopathy, myopathy and nephropathy, impairment in angiogenic response, impairment in neutrophils and macrophage function, production of pro-inammatory cytokines, microvascular complications such as atherosclerosis, impaired production of growth factors, impaired proliferation and migration of broblasts and keratinocytes in diabetic wound healing models. 43,44 In addition, blocking of nitrous oxide, impairment in inammatory functioning of cells, hyperglycaemia, glycation of hemoglobin, impairment in production of cytokines, impairment in MMPs, impairment in accumulation of collagen, down regulation in the expression of neuropeptides together with an inammatory response, 45 deciency of brinolysis inhibitor, 46 PDGF modication, 47 decreased amount of epidermal nerves and misbalance between the ECM and MMPs 48 are few other risk factors responsible for impaired diabetic wound healing, as shown in Fig. 3.…”