Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology

2009

DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.01.010

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Atherosclerotic Risk Factors and Segmental Distribution in Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease

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Levent Oğuzkurt

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Discussion3

Factors That Contribute To the Distribution Of Pad1

Characteristics Of the Patients And Clinical Trials1

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Cited by 38 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This result is consistent with previous studies that reported 21% of PAD subjects showed myocardial infarction and 26% of PAD subjects had angina 27). A comparison of the ORs for AI and FP according to the affected site in PAD and CAD revealed similar risks as those reported in a Turkish study (Ankara),28) and two U.S.A-based studies (San Diego29) and southern California30)). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Peripheral Artery Disease and Coronary Artery Disease in the Korean Population

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et al. 2013

Korean Circ J

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Background and ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to analyze and compare risk factors for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD).Subjects and MethodsThe sample included 7936 Korean patients aged ≥20 years who were hospitalized from 1994 to 2004. Of the 7936 subjects, PAD (n=415), CAD (n=3686), and normal controls (Control) (n=3835) were examined at the Health Promotion Center, Samsung Medical Center.ResultsThe mean age (years) of PAD subjects was 64.4 (±9.3), while CAD subjects was 61.2 (±9.9), and Control subjects was 59.9 (±9.1) (p<0.01). The proportion of males was 90.6% for PAD, 71.4% for CAD, and 75.5% for Control subjects (p<0.01). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease were significantly higher in subjects with PAD or CAD compared to those in Control. However, the ORs for high density lipoprotein, being overweight, and being obese were significantly lower in PAD subjects compared to those in Control.ConclusionWe found that cardiovascular risk factors were in fact risk factors for both PAD and CAD.

“…This result is consistent with previous studies that reported 21% of PAD subjects showed myocardial infarction and 26% of PAD subjects had angina 27). A comparison of the ORs for AI and FP according to the affected site in PAD and CAD revealed similar risks as those reported in a Turkish study (Ankara),28) and two U.S.A-based studies (San Diego29) and southern California30)). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Peripheral Artery Disease and Coronary Artery Disease in the Korean Population

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²

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et al. 2013

Korean Circ J

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Background and ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to analyze and compare risk factors for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD).Subjects and MethodsThe sample included 7936 Korean patients aged ≥20 years who were hospitalized from 1994 to 2004. Of the 7936 subjects, PAD (n=415), CAD (n=3686), and normal controls (Control) (n=3835) were examined at the Health Promotion Center, Samsung Medical Center.ResultsThe mean age (years) of PAD subjects was 64.4 (±9.3), while CAD subjects was 61.2 (±9.9), and Control subjects was 59.9 (±9.1) (p<0.01). The proportion of males was 90.6% for PAD, 71.4% for CAD, and 75.5% for Control subjects (p<0.01). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease were significantly higher in subjects with PAD or CAD compared to those in Control. However, the ORs for high density lipoprotein, being overweight, and being obese were significantly lower in PAD subjects compared to those in Control.ConclusionWe found that cardiovascular risk factors were in fact risk factors for both PAD and CAD.

“…18 Finally, in several studies, subjects with stenosis that did not reach 50% in any of the segments of the lower limb arterial tree were excluded. 19 Consequently, angiography does not provide information about early atherosclerotic lesions, and the entire atherosclerotic burden is often not considered for analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 Moreover, a complete tool for identifying PAD stages in all patients is fundamental for the assessment of PAD progression; currently, most studies conducted for this purpose have used only ABI or angiographic evaluation, establishing that smoking and diabetes mellitus are the most important factors in PAD progression. 37, 38 The use of a more appropriate instrumental technique that is more accurate, especially in identifying early lesions, could also facilitate the association of PAD with novel biomarkers of the atherosclerosis process associated with pathways of inflammation, lipoprotein and adipocyte metabolism, hemodynamic stress, calcification and hemostasis. 39, 40 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New semiquantitative ultrasonographic score for peripheral arterial disease assessment and its association with cardiovascular risk factors

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et al. 2016

Hypertens Res

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The data concerning the distribution, extent and progression of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), as well as its association with traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, have generally been obtained from studies of patients in advanced stages of the disease undergoing surgical or endovascular treatment. In this study, we have introduced a new semiquantitative ultrasonographic score (ultrasonographic lower limb atherosclerosis (ULLA) score) that is able to categorize lower limb atherosclerotic lesions at all stages of PAD. We then associated these ultrasonographic categories with a CV risk profile. We enrolled 320 consecutive subjects with symptoms suggestive of PAD or with known CV risk factors referring to our angiology unit between 1 July 2014 and 30 June 2015 for ultrasonographic evaluation of the lower limb arteries. Femoropopliteal and run-off segments were categorized together and separately based on their ultrasonographic characteristics. In univariate and multivariate analyses, the ULLA scores were significantly associated with the main CV risk factors, that is, age, male gender, cigarette smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, previous CV events and family history of CV disease, and also confirming the specific association of single risk factors with different segments of lower limb arteries. The proposed ULLA score enables a complete evaluation of the entire lower limb atherosclerotic burden, extending the results concerning the association of PAD with CV risk factors to all stages of the disease, including the early stages. It can be feasible that this new score will facilitate better evaluation of the progression of PAD and its prospective role in CV risk stratification.

“…41 Another study showed that sex was not related to disease distribution. 50 Risk factors. Many studies showed significant variation in site selectivity of atherosclerotic lesions related to the cardiovascular (CV) risk factor profile present.…”

Section: Factors That Contribute To the Distribution Of Padmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Disease Distribution of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease

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et al. 2014

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Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis that is associated with an increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular (CV) events. Peripheral arterial disease involves the arteries distal to the aortic bifurcation in a nonuniform manner. Studies have shown that symptoms and prognosis of patients with PAD vary according to the location and size of the affected artery. Several modalities have been used to identify the location of PAD, including noninvasive evaluations and invasive procedures. Peripheral arterial disease has a risk factor profile similar to that associated with coronary artery disease (ie, age, gender, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia). Many studies have shown that the distribution, extent, and progression of PAD are influenced by CV risk factors but the findings are not consistent. Management strategies for PAD are different for proximal and distal PAD. The objective of this review is to discuss the patterns of diseases distribution in patients with PAD.

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