Atmospheric Carbon Particles in the Detroit Urban Area: Wintertime Sources and Sinks

Dasch, Jean Muhlbaier; Cadle, Steven H.

doi:10.1080/02786828908600508

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Extensive analyses of aerosol compositions have been made using many techniques over the last two decades; for example, by temperature and humidity controlled nephelometry [ Larson et al , 1982], temperature fractionation of aerosol particles [ Pinnick et al , 1987], pyrolysis and oxidation of carbon [ Dasch and Cadle , 1989], X‐ray dispersive analysis [ Sheridan et al , 1993], gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [ Rogge et al , 1993], ion exchange chromatography [ Decesari et al , 2002], pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy [ Gelencsér et al , 2002], X‐ray fluorescence [ Chen et al , 2002], thermal‐optical techniques [ Lim and Turpin , 2002], laser ablation mass spectrometry [ Prather et al , 1994; Lee et al , 2003; Murphy et al , 2003; Sullivan and Prather , 2005], laser‐induced fluorescence [ Pinnick et al , 1995; Chang et al , 2005], laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy [ Hahn , 1998; Samuels et al , 2003], size exclusion chromatography/capillary electrophoresis [ Krivacsy et al , 2000], and epifluorescence microscopy/staining [ Bauer et al , 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical scattering patterns from single urban aerosol particles at Adelphi, Maryland, USA: A classification relating to particle morphologies

Aptowicz¹,

Pinnick²,

Hill³

et al. 2006

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Angularly resolved elastic light scattering patterns from individual atmospheric aerosol particles (diameter 0.5-12 micrometers) sampled during fall (October 2004) at an urban site in the Baltimore-Washington metroplex are reported. These two-dimensional angular optical scattering (TAOS) patterns were collected for polar scattering angles q varying from approximately 75°to 135°and azimuthal angles f varying from 0°to 360°. Approximately 6000 scattering patterns were sampled over a span of 18 hours from an inlet located above our laboratory roof at Adelphi, Maryland. Our instrument recorded light scattering patterns of higher resolution and accuracy than have previously been achievable. The patterns suggest that background aerosol particles have diverse morphologies ranging from single spheres to complex structures. The frequency of occurrence of particle morphologies inferred from the TAOS patterns is strongly dependent on size. For nominally 1-mm particles, 65% appear spherical (or perturbed sphere) and only about 9% have complex structure (as suggested by their complex scattering features); whereas for nominally 5-mm particles, only 5% appear spherical (or perturbed sphere) and 71% appear to have complex structure. The patterns are quantitatively characterized using a degree of symmetry (Dsym) factor, calculated by examining both mirror and rotational symmetries in each pattern. In our measurements, atmospheric particles have two distinct populations: mostly micron-sized particles with Dsym values close to that of spheres and a population of mostly supermicron particles having a low but broad range of Dsym values. These observations are consistent with the commonly accepted notion that most micron-sized particles (in the accumulation mode) appear to be nearly spherical and are probably formed in the atmosphere through gas-particle reactions; whereas most supermicron particles appear to be nonspherical and are likely directly injected into the atmosphere. Our observations suggest that Lorenz-Mie theory may be adequate for most micron-sized particles but not for supermicron particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical scattering patterns from single urban aerosol particles at Adelphi, Maryland, USA: A classification relating to particle morphologies

Aptowicz¹,

Pinnick²,

Hill³

et al. 2006

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…However, until now observations of BC in seasonal snow at mid-latitudes have been limited to studies focusing on a few sites in North America [Clarke and Noone, 1985;Chýlek et al, 1987;Cadle and Dasch, 1988;Dasch and Cadle, 1989], Europe [Sergent et al, 1993[Sergent et al, , 1998Fily et al, 1997;Armalis, 1999], and on glaciers in Tibet [Xu et al, 2006[Xu et al, , 2009[Xu et al, , 2012Ming et al, 2008Ming et al, , 2009. Here we present measurements of BC and other light-absorbing particles in snow from 46 sites widely distributed across north-central and northeast China from January and February 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon and other light‐absorbing impurities in snow across Northern China

2013

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Black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust (MD) are the most important light‐absorbing particulate impurities in snow. A field campaign was conducted in January and February 2010 to measure light‐absorbing particles in snow across northern China. About 400 snow samples were collected at 46 sites in six provinces. A spectrophotometer was used to separate snow particulate absorption by BC and non‐BC constituents, based on the different spectral dependences of their light absorption. Light absorption by MD is due to iron oxides, so iron concentration was determined by chemical analysis. Using assumed mass absorption efficiencies for BC, OC, and iron, the fractional contribution of each to total absorption was estimated. BC is a product of combustion and iron is associated with MD, but OC in snow can be associated with either combustion products deposited to snow or from soil mixed into snow. The lowest concentrations of BC were in the remote northeast on the border of Siberia, with a median concentration in surface snow of 117 ng g–1. South of this, in the industrial northeast, the median snow BC concentration was 1220 ng g–1. In the northeast, snow particulate light absorption was dominated by BC. Across the grassland of Inner Mongolia, OC, likely mostly from local soil, dominates light absorption, with median BC concentrations of 340 ng g–1 responsible for only about one third of total particulate light absorption. In the Qilian Mountains, at the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau, snow particulate light absorption is dominated by local soil and desert dust.

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“…Knowledge of the size distribution characteristics of EC and OC is essential when studying the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosol particles, wet and dry deposition of aerosols, aerosol light extinction, regional and global climate, and the effects of aerosols on human health (Dasch and Cadle 1989;Hitzenberger et al 2000;Quinn and Bates 2003;Metzger et al 2004;Bond and Bergstrom 2006). In heavily polluted regions such as many parts of China, soot particles play an important role in determining the size distributions of other chemical species (e.g., OC, PAHs, and sulfate), because soot particles provide media for vapor condensation, homogeneous/heterogeneous reactions, and in-cloud processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modal Characteristics of Elemental and Organic Carbon in an Urban Location in Guangzhou, China

2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Carbonaceous matter is a major constituent in urban aerosols, especially in those collected in China. The size distributions of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in the range of 0.01-18 µm were measured in an urban location in Guangzhou, China in July 2006. The EC size distribution in the accumulationmode size was characterized by three significant modes with mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) of ∼0.15 µm, ∼0.40 µm, and ∼0.90 µm, with the second one being the most prominent and accounting for approximately half of the total EC mass. The coexistence of the first two accumulation modes in Guangzhou's urban atmosphere could be explained to be a result of emissions from vehicles operating at different loadings. The dominance of the EC accumulation mode at ∼0.40 µm has not often been reported in studies conducted in developed countries, but this observation is consistent with EC size distributions measured in a roadway tunnel in this region. This information is important when modeling the role of EC in modulating the radiative balance and investigating the health effects of EC. The third accumulation mode was postulated to be a result of in-cloud processing after emission. OC had the same size modes as EC but different mass distributions among the modes. The carbonaceous materials in the nucleation mode were dominated by OC. Among particles in the accumulation size range, the OC/EC ratio was higher in the third accumulation mode (MMAD: 0.90 µm) than in the first two accumulation modes, suggesting that in-cloud processing was an important pathway for accumulating OC mass during atmospheric processing of EC particles.

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Atmospheric Carbon Particles in the Detroit Urban Area: Wintertime Sources and Sinks

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Optical scattering patterns from single urban aerosol particles at Adelphi, Maryland, USA: A classification relating to particle morphologies

Optical scattering patterns from single urban aerosol particles at Adelphi, Maryland, USA: A classification relating to particle morphologies

Black carbon and other light‐absorbing impurities in snow across Northern China

Modal Characteristics of Elemental and Organic Carbon in an Urban Location in Guangzhou, China

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