Atmospheric Chemistry of Toxic Contaminants. 2. Saturated Aliphatics: Acetaldehyde, Dioxane, Ethylene Glycol Ethers, Propylene Oxide

Grosjean, Daniel

doi:10.1080/10473289.1990.10466803

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A detailed analysis of the mechanisms of the chemical reactions leading to in-situ formation and removal of these toxic organics in the atmosphere is presented in a series of companion articles. 4…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1.1 X 10-u 1.6 X 10-n 2.1 X 10-n 9.3 X 10-n 4.3 X 10-n 0.9-1.3 X 10-i°c e 2.5 X lO- 11 6.9 X IO-1 4 (1-15 X 10-n) 2.0 X 10-n 2.3 X IO-1 3 3.4 X IO-1 3 2.3 X 10" 13 3.4 X IO-1 3 3.0 X IO-1 4 <1.7 X 10~1 4 2.8 X 10" 12 2.6 X 10-n 1.5 X 10-n 1.5 X 10" 11 2.3 X lO-11 Literature 1.2 X 10-n 1.8 X 10-n 4.9 X IO-1 2 1.7 X 10-n 2.9 X IO-12 0.9 X IO-12 no data 0.5 X IO-1 2 no data no data 4.7 X 10-n 6.7 X 10-n 5. negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible negligible O-?…”

Section: Structure Reactivity Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Chemistry of Toxic Contaminants 1. Reaction Rates and Atmospheric Persistence

Grosjean¹

1990

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Using structure-reactivity relationships between reaction rate constants and lonlzatlon potentials for structural homologues, estimates are presented for the rate constants of the reactions of ozone, the hydroxyl radical, and the nitrate radical with forty toxic air contaminants for which no or little data are available. These rate constants are in turn used to estimate the atmospheric persistence of saturated allphatlcs, unsaturated allphatlcs, and aromatic toxic organlcs. The corresponding atmospheric half-lives for removal by chemical reactions range from a few hours for the most reactive toxics (chloroprene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, cresols, nitrosamines, maleic anhydride) to several months for the least reactive compounds (nitrobenzene, methyl bromide, phosgene).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure Reactivity Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Chemistry of Toxic Contaminants 1. Reaction Rates and Atmospheric Persistence

Grosjean¹

1990

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…However, in some cases, species that react with ozone rapidly or photolyze rapidly were assigned to a higher reactivity category. Reaction constants for each pathway were derived from published values 2,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] or the methodology of Atkinson. 58 The reactivity categories, typical species included, and their associated OH and NO 3 rate constants are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Development Of Aspenmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Estimates of Outdoor Air Toxics Concentrations

Rosenbaum

Axelrad

Woodruff

et al. 1999

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

103

120

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The Clean Air Act identifies 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), or "air toxics," associated with a wide range of adverse human health effects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has conducted a modeling study with the Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide (ASPEN) to gain a greater understanding of the spatial distribution of concentrations of these HAPs resulting from contributions of multiple emission sources. The study estimates year 1990 long-term outdoor concentrations of 148 air toxics for each census tract in the continental United States, utilizing a Gaussian air dispersion modeling approach. Ratios of median national modeled concentrations to estimated emissions indicate that emission totals without consideration of emission source type can be a misleading indicator of air quality. The results also indicate priorities for improvements in modeling methodology and emissions identification. Model performance evaluation suggests a tendency for underprediction of observed concentrations, which is likely due, at least in part, to a number of limitations of the Gaussian modeling formulation. Emissions estimates for HAPs have a high degree of uncertainty and contribute to discrepancies between modeled and monitored concentration estimates. The model's ranking of concentrations among monitoring sites is reasonably good for most of the gaseous HAPs evaluated, with ranking accuracy ranging from 66 to 100%.

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“…5 Thus, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde may contribute significantly to the overall risk associated with population exposure to toxic air pollutants. 6 Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are emitted by vehicles that use the oxygenated fuels methanol and ethanol, respectively. 4 In spite of their importance in urban and regional air quality, aldehydes are not measured as part of federal, state or local air quality surveillance networks, in the U.S. or elsewhere.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%