Atmospheric lead and cadmium deposition within forests in the Kanto district, Japan

Abstract

Atmospheric lead and cadmium deposition in bulk precipitation and throughfall was investigated at four forests in the Kanto district, Japan, to assess the impact of human activities on the environmental health of forests. Annual lead and cadmium depositions in bulk precipitation ranged from 8.9 to 25.7 g ha −1 year −1 and from 0.77 to 1.30 g ha −1 year −1 , respectively. Lead and cadmium deposition increased in the summer at every forest due to large amounts of rainfall. At one of the forests, the depositions were also high in the winter due to heavy snowfall. These depositions were similar to recent depositions observed at other rural and urban sites in Japan and several forests in Europe and North America after 1990. These results indicate that although anthropogenic lead and cadmium are deposited at these rates over wide areas, depositions are still higher than in remote areas.

Ремедіаційний Потенціал Лісоутворювальних Порід У Рекультиваційних Насадженнях

“…Стимулююча дія іонів Pb 2+ на поглинання Кадміуму коренями рослин може бути вторинним ефектом, пов'язаним з порушенням процесів трансмембранного переносу. Антагонізм Цинку та Плюмбуму виражається у взаємно несприятливому впливі на перенос обох елементів з коренів до надземної частини рослин (Itoh et al, 2006). -20,0-300,0 20,0-60,0 17,0-334,0 -113,7-510,6 Щодо міграції Плюмбуму переважно вказують на його здатність до накопичення у грунті.…”

Natural cadmium loading and balance in a non-polluted rice paddy field in Japan

“…Cd loading can be decreased by removing Cd in irrigation water in a Cd polluted rice paddy (Kikuchi et al 2007a,b). However, in a non-polluted field there is a high amount of Cd loading, which can be caused by, for example, using phosphorus fertilizer (Mishima et al 2004), and precipitation (Itoh et al 2006). Cd was also found leaching out into subsoil from a manure-amended paddy field (Abe et al 2006).…”

“…The total input of bulk Cd was 3,192 mg ha 21 , which is from the application of fertilizer, precipitation, and irrigation water. The Cd deposition in precipitation (1,020 mg ha 21 ) was the same level as that of four forests in the Kanto district, Japan, from 2001 to 2003(Itoh et al 2006). The Cd output was 792 mg ha 21 , which was evaluated from drainage water, harvested brown rice, and leaching; 2,400 mg ha 21 of Cd accumulated in the soil.…”

Assessment of rain water chemistry in the Lucknow metropolitan city

“…One of the most important groups of the atmospheric pollutants is heavy metals. Heavy metals are toxic to living organisms and some of them such as lead and cadmium are toxic at low levels (Itoh et al 2006; Kalantari and Ghaffari 2008;Vinodhini and Narayanan 2009).…”

“…Chemical composition and concentration of heavy metals in atmospheric precipitation have been studied in many regions such as: Central Ontario in Canada (Jeferies and Snyder 1981), four sites in Bangladesh (Hadi et al 1999), Cartagena in Spain (Moreno-Grau et al 2002), Gulf of Iskenderun (Örnektekin and Cakmakli 2003), Knot in Japan (Itoh et al 2006), Xanthi in Greece (Melidis et al 2006), North-Eastern Mediterranean region (Özsoy et al 2008), India (Singh and Mondal 2008), northern Aegian Sea (Koulousaris et al 2009), Opme in France (Bertrand et al 2008) and in many other countries and regions. Atmospheric pollutants may be removed from the atmosphere in two ways: one way is the rain out in condensation process within the clouds and the other way is the impaction with falling rain drops and washout.…”