Atmospheric outflow of anthropogenic iron and its deposition to China adjacent seas

Magnetic Particles Unintentionally Emitted from Anthropogenic Sources: Iron and Steel Plants

“…For the power plant sector, χ lf values of several coal power plant samples obtained from previous studies were transferred into M s by using the linear fitting curve of χ lf versus M s (see Figure S3). The PM 2.5 emission inventory data and the proportional coefficients for PM 2.5 emissions in the iron and steel sector and the residential sector were adopted from previous studies. − The background information and detained calculations for the magnetic particle emission contributions are provided in SI text S3 and Table S3. Although emissions from the iron and steel sector contribute to a small fraction of the overall PM 2.5 emissions worldwide (∼8.5% in 2014) and in mainland China (∼11.4% in 2017), this sector unexpectedly accounts for ∼81.1% and 87.6% of the overall atmospheric magnetic particle emission worldwide and in mainland China, respectively.…”

Trace Elements From Ocean‐Going Vessels in East Asia: Vanadium and Nickel Emissions and Their Impacts on Air Quality

“…There was a limitation to use the source profile in the SPECIATE v5.0 database from USA to build the emission inventory in this study due to the shortage of the local measurements data for trace metal source profiles. A recent study (Chen et al., 2021) has reported a local source profile database for Fe released by Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics (KLACP; http://www.sourceprofile.org.cn/) in China. Future studies may be improved upon their updating more trace metal mass fraction values in PM from the KLACP database or other local measurements studies to better quantify space and time variations of trace metal emissions.…”

Direct Observation of Sulfate Explosive Growth in Wet Plumes Emitted From Typical Coal‐Fired Stationary Sources

“…Annual anthropogenic sulfate emission was obtained by multiplying the primary PM 2.5 emission values in the 8 sectors with the corresponding mass fractions as listed in Figure . There are uncertainties on estimating anthropogenic sulfate emissions mainly due to the difference of temporal and spatial distribution coefficients, and the difference in mass fraction values of each sectors in different regions (Chen et al., 2021; Reff et al., 2009). The emissions from CFPP, industrial boiler and iron & steel in the MEIC were respectively divided into with‐WFGD and without‐WFGD systems, while their apportion coefficients of PM 2.5 to their corresponding categories were adopted from our previous study (Ding et al., 2020).…”