Atom-economic synthesis of an oligomeric P/N-containing fire retardant towards fire-retarding and mechanically robust polylactide biocomposites

Feng, Jiabing; Lu, Yonglin; Xie, Hongyan; Zhang, Yan; Huo, Siqi; Liu, Xiaohuan; Flynn, Matthew T.; Xu, Zhiguang; Burey, Paulomi; Lynch, Mark; Wang, Hao; Song, Pingan

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2023.04.003

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Also, although the addition of MCA did not increase the reserved P ratio in condensed phase for BPGA/MCA, as shown in Table , the P-containing structures obviously changed from PO/P–O to P–N structures due to the interactions between BPGA and MCA. According to the above results, during the interaction between BPGA and MCA, more N elements combined with P elements to form P–N structures, which were retained in the residual carbon, contributing to the formation of a complete and dense carbon layer …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Polyphosphamide Containing Triazine and Melamine Cyanurate for Flame-Retardant PA6

Shan

Yan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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A poly(triazine-phosphamide) BPGA constituted of benzene melamine and phenyl phosphonic dichloride was synthesized and characterized, and the synergistic flame-retardant properties and mechanism of BPGA/melamine cyanurate (MCA) in polyamide 6 (PA6) were investigated. The combination of BPGA and MCA with a mass ratio of 7/7 exerted the best flameretardant effects in improving flame retardancy (higher LOI value), self-extinguishing property (higher UL 94 grade), and higher quality retention (more char residue). BPGA/MCA showed a good synergistic charring effect, forming more high-temperature thermally stable residues with rich P−N cross-linked structures due to the interactions or reactions between BPGA and MCA in condensed phase; especially, the former significantly affected the thermal decomposition behavior of the matrix. In the gas phase, the combination of BPGA and MCA supplied a sustained high content of noncombustible gases in flame during the main degradation stage of the matrix, which facilitated the dilution of the concentration of flammable gases and oxygen. Meanwhile, P-containing radicals resulting from the thermal decomposition of BPGA could quench the free-radical chain reactions during combustion, thereby suppressing the flame. Thus, this lifted flame-retardant efficiency mainly contributed to the gas-phase flame inhibition mechanism without ignoring the shielding effect of char layers in the condensed phase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…According to the above results, during the interaction between BPGA and MCA, more N elements combined with P elements to form P−N structures, which were retained in the residual carbon, contributing to the formation of a complete and dense carbon layer. 45 3.4.2. Gaseous Decomposition Product Analysis.…”

Section: Inference Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphosphamide Containing Triazine and Melamine Cyanurate for Flame-Retardant PA6

Shan

Yan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Figure 13 presents the possible combustion mechanism of DOPO‐DBAPh/EP composites. According to the above analysis, the DOPO‐DBAPh/EP composites have a large amount of gas ejecting from the surface during combustion, which is called “blowout effect.” 33 At the same time, the phosphorous free radicals in the gas trap H•, OH• and other highly active free radicals produced by matrix combustion and form stable free radicals or compounds to inhibit combustion, thus exerting the gas‐phase flame retardant effect 34 . Besides, the introduction of phosphorus will promote the formation of phosphorus‐rich carbon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of phosphorus‐nitrogen flame retardant DOPO‐DBAPh and its flame retarded epoxy‐based composites

Pu,

Zou,

et al. 2023

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Novel double DOPO‐grafted phthalonitrile flame retardant (DOPO‐DBAPh) has been successfully synthesized via solution reaction with amino‐substituted phthalonitrile monomer, bisphenol A, paraformaldehyde and 9, 10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) as initial materials. The molecular structure of DOPO‐DBAPh was investigated by FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectrum. Then, the DOPO‐DBAPh was added into epoxy (EP) to construct DOPO‐DBAPh/EP fire‐retarding composites by casting forming method. The effect of different proportions of DOPO‐DBAPh/EP fire‐retarding composites on the microstructure, thermal, mechanical, flame retardancy and combustion behavior was investigated. It was found that the DOPO‐DBAPh/EP fire‐retarding composites have a high glass transition temperature (Tg = 156∼179°C), and also have excellent thermal stability (T5% = 331.4∼365.4°C) and high flexural strength (96.1∼139.8 MPa). When DOPO‐DBAPh content is 5 wt%, the vertical burning grade and limiting oxygen index (LOI) of DOPO‐DBAPh/EP composites reached V‐0 and 29.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the cone calorimeter testing results showed that the addition of DOPO‐BAPh can obviously inhibit the decomposition rate of cured substance at high temperature and accelerated the formation of dense carbon layer. When DOPO‐BAPh content was 20 wt%, the total heat release rate (THR) and peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the DOPO‐DBAPh/EP fire‐retarding composites were decreased by 38.55% and 35.81% compared with that of cured EP. In a word, this work presents a good way for synthesizing economical and highly efficient flame retardant for use in the preparation of EP‐based fire‐retarding composites with excellent comprehensive performance.Highlights Novel phosphorus‐nitrogen flame retardant (DOPO‐DBAPh) is developed. 5 wt% DOPO‐DBAPh significantly improves the fire safety of EP resin. The DOPO‐DBAPh/EP composites exhibit good thermal and mechanical properties.

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“…Environmental pollution and oil depletion, as caused by increasing economic and industrial activities, have imposed a critical need to explore and develop environmentally friendly polymers. − Particularly, polylactic acid (PLA) is considered as one of the promising biodegradable alternatives to petrochemically based polymers because it can be derived from renewable biomass resources such as corn, rice, or wheat and it can undergo degradation in the environment without the formation of microplastics. − Due to its biocompatibility, PLA is being widely applied e.g. for biomedicine and for nanocomposites with excellent biodegradability and good processing performance. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nitride Grafting Modification of Poly(lactic acid) to Maximize UV Protection and Mechanical Properties for Packaging Applications

Zhou,

Wan,

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Due to their biobased nature and biodegradability, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) rich blends are promising for processing in the packaging industry. However, pure PLA is brittle and UV transparent, which limits its application, so the exploration of nanocomposites with improved interfacial interactions and UV absorbing properties is worthwhile. We therefore developed and optimized synthesis routes for well-designed nanocomposites based on a PLA matrix and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4; CN) nanofillers. To enhance the interfacial interaction with the PLA matrix, a silane-coupling agent (γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, KH570) is chemically grafted onto the CN surface after controlled oxidation with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Interestingly, only 1 wt % of CNO-KH570, as synthesized under mild conditions, is needed to significantly improve the UV absorption, blocking even a large part of both UV-C, UV-B, and UV-A outperforming the UV absorption performance of PLA and, for instance, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The low nanofiller loading of 1 wt % also results in a higher ductility with an increase in elongation at break (+73%), maintaining the tensile modulus. The results on a joint optimization of UV protection and mechanical properties are supported by a broad range of experimental characterizations, including FTIR, XRD, DSC, DSEM, FETEM, XPS, FTIR, TGA, and BET N2 adsorption–desorption analysis.

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Atom-economic synthesis of an oligomeric P/N-containing fire retardant towards fire-retarding and mechanically robust polylactide biocomposites

Cited by 45 publications

References 58 publications

Polyphosphamide Containing Triazine and Melamine Cyanurate for Flame-Retardant PA6

Polyphosphamide Containing Triazine and Melamine Cyanurate for Flame-Retardant PA6

Preparation of phosphorus‐nitrogen flame retardant DOPO‐DBAPh and its flame retarded epoxy‐based composites

Carbon Nitride Grafting Modification of Poly(lactic acid) to Maximize UV Protection and Mechanical Properties for Packaging Applications

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