Atomic Coulomb excitation by heavy charged particles

Bremsstrahlung in heavy-ion reactions

“…This means that only the first term of the transition amplitude (2.15) agrees for r/i=r/y=0 with the corresponding term in the Born approximation. The deviations resulting from the additional factor B in the second term in (2.15) are the smaller, the higher the electron momentum h ki and the smaller the binding of the electron 9 We compared the impulse approximation and the Born theory in the case of N as target and found for v/c,,~O.1 deviations up to 10}/o and for v/c,~0.2 up to 1% for K-shell electrons in the whole energy region of interest 4<boo< 16 keV. For finite r h and r/f the first term in (2.18) strongly dominates the second one, so that the agreement is even better 9 Therefore it is justified to use (2.13) for the electron bremsstrahlung calculations.…”

“…Radiation from a two-step process is called secondary electron bremsstrahlung (SEB). In the first step target atoms are ionized [9,10] via Coulomb excitation 9 The free electrons produced in this step radiate in the field of another target nucleus. The maximum energy which can be transferred from a projectile with velocity v to a free electron with mass m is 2 m v 2.…”

GoldL-shell ionization probability by 1 MeV proton at large scattering angles

“…This phenomenon was first pointed out by Merzbacher [12] in the framework of the PWBA. Since it has been demonstrated many times that the PWBA and the SCA with a straight line projectile trajectory give essentially the same results, the plateau is equally explained in the SCA framework [13]. Any variation in the projectile energy changes the region of dominant impact parameters contributing to the subshell ionization cross section.…”

Atomic number dependence ofL-shell vacancy rearrangement probabilities onK? X-ray satellites induced by 6 MeV/amu N4+ impacts

“…Under our experimental condition, 6 MeV/amu, a dominant mechanism for the multiple KE' ionization is the Coulomb excitation. Multiple Coulomb ionization theories based on the binary-encounter approximation (BEA) [16] and the semiclassical approximation (SCA) [17] have been described by several authors. The experimental satellite intensity distributions have successfully been described by the average Lshell ionization probability at the zero impact parameter PL(0) for light ion impact but not for heavy ion collision [18].…”