Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3–Ga2O3 Alloy Coatings for Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 Cathode to Improve Rate Performance in Li-Ion Battery

Laskar, Masihhur R.; Jackson, David H. K.; Guan, Yingxin; Xu, Shenzhen; Fang, Shuyu; Dreibelbis, Mark; Mahanthappa, Mahesh K.; Morgan, Dane; Hamers, Robert J.; Kuech, T. F.

doi:10.1021/acsami.5b11878

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Representative approaches include the doping, [86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] morphological control of the primary particle, [99][100][101][102][103][104] the cathode surface modification, [105][106][107][108][109][110] and the primary particle coating, [35,37,[111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] which will be discussed below.…”

Section: Strategies To Realize Commercializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to resolve the limitation of the secondary particle coating method, there has been a rapid increase in the volume of research about the incorporation of the coating layer on each primary particle. To date, there were a wide range of primary particle coating methods such as solvent-based treatment, [35,37,111,116,117,[120][121][122]124] gas phase deposition, [123,137] and atomic layer deposition (ALD), [112][113][114][115]119,125] which tuned the whole cathode particles from the surface to inside. To effectively stabilize overall cathode particle, solution-based coating has been considered as an attractive method in terms of the coating homogeneity.…”

Section: Surface Modification In Primary Particle Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

Kim

Lee

Cha

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

665

582

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practical candidate for the wide application of the LIBs with respect to the reversible capacity, rate capability, and capital cost. [4][5][6][7] In terms of nickel contents, the nickel-rich cathodes with nickel content above 80% have advantages in gravimetric capacity, allowing high gravimetric energy density, compared with the nickel content less than 80%. Currently, the nickel-rich cathodes with the amount of nickel less than 60% are fully commercialized. However, the nickel-rich cathodes with nickel content of ≥80% still have many difficulties in the commercialization with respect to powder properties and electrode fabrication process.The unstable powder properties originate from residual lithium compounds such as LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 that formed by the spontaneous reduction of sensitive trivalent nickel ions during the synthesis process and storage in air. [8][9][10][11] The Li 2 CO 3 significantly promotes the gas evolution and increase the moisture of the cathode powder, which strongly related to the safety issue. [12][13][14] Furthermore, the LiOH on the cathode increases the powder pH value, causing the gelation of the slurry during the electrode fabrication process. The nickel-rich cathode with nickel content of ≤60% have acceptable amount of residual lithium compounds for the practical use. By contrast, the cathode with amount of nickel of ≥80% should be treated by additional process to reduce the residual lithium compounds ( Table 1). Furthermore, other powder properties, such as powder pH and moisture, should be carefully controlled when nickel contents were exceeded of ≥80%. Thus, for the practical application of these cathode materials, most battery companies have adapted the washing process, in which the cathode power was stirred in purified water for 20-40 min. [15,16] The washing process could greatly reduce the residual lithium compounds and powder pH value. [15] However, the washing process not only increases process time and capital cost but also make the nickel-rich cathode more chemically sensitive than nonwashed cathodes. [16] More seriously, the water washing deteriorates the thermal stability of the nickel-rich cathodes, indicating that the washing process should be substituted by other methods for the battery safety.Another important factor for the commercialization of the nickel-rich cathodes is the electrode density directly related to the energy density. In general, the nickel-rich cathodesThe layered nickel-rich cathode materials are considered as promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high reversible capacity and low cost. However, several significant challenges, such as the unstable powder properties and limited electrode density, hindered the practical application of the nickel-rich cathode materials with the nickel content over 80%. Herein, important stability issues and in-depth understanding of the nickel-rich cathode materials on the basis of the industrial electrode fabrication condition for the commercialization of the nickel-rich cathode m...

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Section: Strategies To Realize Commercializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Modification In Primary Particle Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

Kim

Lee

Cha

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

665

582

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“…The latter showed improved cyclability, while the performance of the former was decreased . Many materials have been investigated since research on ALD coatings for lithium‐ion batteries started in 2010, most of the work dealing with ALD Al 2 O 3 coating of various thicknesses on electrode powders, composite electrode, or even the separator . These coatings can suppress SEI formation, act as an artificial SEI, strengthen the electronic network by knitting the electrode together, act as an hydrofluoric acide (HF) scavenger, help maintain particle morphology, prevent unwanted phase transformations, and block metal dissolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Ultrathin Amorphous ALD Alumina and Titania on the Rate Capability of Anatase TiO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes

Mattelaer

Vereecken

Dendooven

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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Interface modification is a heavily investigated method of extending the lifetime of lithium ion batteries. While many studies have explored the effect of interface coating on the lifetime, the rate capability is often overlooked. In this study, the authors investigated the influence of ultrathin (<10 nm) atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings of amorphous Al2O3 and amorphous TiO2. It is found that, on thin‐film anatase TiO2, the rate capability is unaffected by an amorphous TiO2 coating since it does not pose an additional impedance on the system, while Al2O3 coatings are detrimental for the rate performance due to the 1.5 × 1012 Ω cm resistivity toward lithium ions. A thicker than 2 nm ALD Al2O3 film is found to block lithium transfer completely, resulting in a purely capacitive film. Solvent oxidation is studied on thin‐film LiMn2O4. The authors demonstrate that both coatings can partially solve the solvent decomposition. However, the kinetic bottleneck posed by 1 nm Al2O3 is still greater than the uncoated LiMn2O4, leading to worsened rate capability. ALD TiO2 on the other hand can prevent most of the solvent decomposition, resulting in smoother electrodes. The absence of the decomposition layer and lithium conducting properties of the ALD TiO2 films results in an improved rate capability for the ALD TiO2 coated electrode.

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“…26,[30][31][32][33][34] The use of ALD coating enables a super conformal coating and creates an artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) that serves as a passivating layer on the electrodes. [35][36][37] Recently, ALD amorphous coatings by TiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 were used on NCA and Ni-rich NCM powders in order to improve the cycling behavior and structural stability of cathodes at 25 and 55…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Moreover the electrochemical behavior of bare and coated NCA samples as cathodes in Li-cells at elevated temperatures has not been fully studied yet. 40,41 Therefore, one of the motivating factors of the present work was to understand the influence of nano-sized LiAlO 2 • C. An important goal of this study was also to attest possible structural changes of bare and coated electrodes due to cycling.…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies of the Electrochemical Behavior of LiNi_0.80Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂Electrodes Coated with LiAlO₂

Srur-Lavi

Miikkulainen

Markovsky

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this paper, we studied the influence of LiAlO 2 coatings of 0.5, 1 and 2 nm thickness prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition onto LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 electrodes, on their electrochemical behavior at 30 and 60 • C. It was demonstrated that upon cycling, 2 nm LiAlO 2 coated electrodes displayed ∼3 times lower capacity fading and lower voltage hysteresis comparing to bare electrodes. We established a correlation among the thickness of the LiAlO 2 coating and parameters of the self-discharge processes at 30 and 60 • C. Significant results on the elevated temperature cycling and aging of bare and LiAlO 2 coated electrodes at 4.3 V were obtained and analyzed for the first time. By analyzing of X-ray diffraction patterns of bare and 2 nm coated LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 electrodes after cycling, we concluded that cycled materials preserved their original structure described by R-3m space group and no additional phases were detected. The lithium-ion batteries (LIB) market nowadays has expanded widely from cellular phones, computers and other electronic devices to the automotive industry. Positive electrodes for LIBs to be explored in electric vehicles are mainly based on lithiated transition-metal oxides comprising Ni, Co and Mn (LiNi y Co x Mn 1-y-x O 2 ) and designated as NCM.1,2 They have attracted much attention as promising materials and therefore many research projects have been dedicated to them in the past 20 years. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] In studies of LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (NCM333) cathodes, it was demonstrated 4-6 that they provided a capacity of 200 mAh/g in the voltage range of 2.5-4.6 V, or ∼155 mAh/g if the cutoff voltage is limited by 4.3 V.7 A substantially improved high-voltage performance of NCM333 electrodes (up to 4.6 V) was achieved by introducing tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) borate additive in the electrolyte solution.8 These authors suggest that the additive takes part in the formation of the solid-electrolyte interface by lowering and stabilization of the interfacial resistance. NCM333 and NCM424 materials were studied in our group from the viewpoint of their electrochemical behavior, aging mechanisms, thermal properties, and surface chemistry developed upon cycling in ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate/LiPF 6 based solutions.9 LiNi y Co x Mn 1-y-x O 2 materials with higher Ni content (y > 5) are important due to high capacity that can be extracted by charging up to 4.3 V only. However, Ni-rich NCMs suffer from their low cycling stability especially for compositions with Ni ≥ 60%, severe capacity fading and impedance increase during cycling at elevated temperatures (e.g. 45• C). One of the effective ways to stabilize the structure of NCM materials, to increase cycling activity and to diminish the heat evolution of the electrodes in a charged 14 There is a consensus in the literature that the above drawbacks originate from the unstable Ni 4+ ions developed in the charge state (high anodic potential, most Li + extracted from NCA). These Ni-ions can be readily reduce...

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Atomic Layer Deposition of Al₂O₃–Ga₂O₃ Alloy Coatings for Li[Ni_0.5Mn_0.3Co_0.2]O₂ Cathode to Improve Rate Performance in Li-Ion Battery

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

The Influence of Ultrathin Amorphous ALD Alumina and Titania on the Rate Capability of Anatase TiO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes

Studies of the Electrochemical Behavior of LiNi_0.80Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂Electrodes Coated with LiAlO₂

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Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3–Ga2O3 Alloy Coatings for Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2 Cathode to Improve Rate Performance in Li-Ion Battery

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

Prospect and Reality of Ni‐Rich Cathode for Commercialization

The Influence of Ultrathin Amorphous ALD Alumina and Titania on the Rate Capability of Anatase TiO2 and LiMn2O4 Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes

Studies of the Electrochemical Behavior of LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2Electrodes Coated with LiAlO2

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Atomic Layer Deposition of Al₂O₃–Ga₂O₃ Alloy Coatings for Li[Ni_0.5Mn_0.3Co_0.2]O₂ Cathode to Improve Rate Performance in Li-Ion Battery

The Influence of Ultrathin Amorphous ALD Alumina and Titania on the Rate Capability of Anatase TiO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes

Studies of the Electrochemical Behavior of LiNi_0.80Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂Electrodes Coated with LiAlO₂