Atomically dispersed metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts for fuel cells: advances in catalyst design, electrode performance, and durability improvement

Abstract

The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the atomically dispersed metal–nitrogen–carbon cathode catalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell applications.

Restoring the Nitrogen Cycle by Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrate: Progress and Prospects

“…), with atomically dispersed active sites and the high specific area, has emerged as a class of highly promising electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy conversion technologies. [175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184] M-N-C catalysts would deliver high performance in electrochemical nitrate reduction, which is intrinsically a PCET reaction. This speculation could be supported by the research suggesting that nitrite is serving as a probe molecule in the quantification of the electrochemically active surface area of Fe-N-C catalysts.…”

Chemical Vapor Deposition for Atomically Dispersed and Nitrogen Coordinated Single Metal Site Catalysts

“…[51] In some cases,h ighly active catalysts also cannot generate expected MEA performance because their Angewandte morphologies and porosity are not favorable for establishing efficient three-phase interfaces within 3D electrodes for the ORR. [56,57] Here,t he improved MEA performance of the 17CVD/Fe-N-C-kat catalyst may be attributed to the narrowed pore size of kat(Zn) phase,w hich can mitigate the Fe atom diffusion and agglomeration. MEA performance was evaluated further by using more practical H 2 -air cells at 1.0 bar air pressure.T he OCV value only dropped 22 mV relative to that measured in O 2 ,t hat is,0 .962 V. Thec ritical current densities at 0.80 and 0.65 Vr eached 117 and 448 mA cm À2 ,r espectively, ( Figure 5b), which is higher than most of the reported Fe-N-C catalysts (Figure 5c;Supporting Information, Figure S26 and Table S13).…”

“…[61] In this work, the CVD-derived Fe-N-C catalyst has demonstrated promising stability in MEAs,r elative to other reported catalysts. [57] Engineering carbon structures with enhanced corrosion resistance and optimized electrode structures are imperative to address further the stability challenge of the Fe-N-C catalyst in MEAs. [62,63]…”

Chemical Vapor Deposition for Atomically Dispersed and Nitrogen Coordinated Single Metal Site Catalysts

“…Forschungsartikel 21886 www.angewandte.de morphologies and porosity are not favorable for establishing efficient three-phase interfaces within 3D electrodes for the ORR. [56,57] Here,t he improved MEA performance of the 17CVD/Fe-N-C-kat catalyst may be attributed to the narrowed pore size of kat(Zn) phase,w hich can mitigate the Fe atom diffusion and agglomeration. MEA performance was evaluated further by using more practical H 2 -air cells at 1.0 bar air pressure.T he OCV value only dropped 22 mV relative to that measured in O 2 ,t hat is,0 .962 V. Thec ritical current densities at 0.80 and 0.65 Vr eached 117 and 448 mA cm À2 ,r espectively, ( Figure 5b), which is higher than most of the reported Fe-N-C catalysts (Figure 5c;Supporting Information, Figure S26 and Table S13).…”