Atomistic Approach to the Rheology of Sand-Water and of Clay-Water Mixtures

Weyl, W. A.; Ormsby, W. C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-395696-5.50012-5

Cited by 11 publications

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“…25 ~r=l~-k'c 1+ "c . [11] There must be a linear relation between and c, the intercept being /c l/~ and the slope (k 1I~ 9 k 9 a)/n. By trying varying n-values the most suitable figure can be found, and a and k derived.…”

Section: General Progression Formula A) General Power Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative viscosity and concentration

Rutgers¹

1962

Rheol Acta

268

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Section: General Progression Formula A) General Power Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative viscosity and concentration

Rutgers¹

1962

Rheol Acta

268

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“…Inasmuch as all the solids studied here have a strong affinity for water (Weyl and Ormsby, 1960;Swarzen-Allen and Matijevi6, 1974), and water is strongly adsorbed on their surface forming a stable and highly oriented film 1-2 monolayers, the above-mentioned ")IS d values determined by Staszczuk and Chibowski (Department of Physical Chemistry, M. Lublin,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]Poland,personal communication) are for a surface covered with a water film of 1-2 monolayers. Therefore, their results are lower than those reported here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Their adsorption of foreign molecules (e.g., in the bleaching of oils) and their retention of water at elevated temperature or at low vapor pressure reflect their surface forces. Moreover, the intensity of the surface forces of clays is intimately connected with the rheological properties of clay-water mixtures (Weyl and Ormsby, 1960).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water is strongly adsorbed on clay surfaces, and water films on clay surfaces seem to have a strongly oriented Copyright 9 1988, The Clay Minerals Society structure, as evidenced by the higher viscosity of water films than bulk water (Swartzen-Allen and Matijevir, 1974). Bagrov (1968) described the first layer of water on the surface of a clay particle as being ice-like, and Conley and Althoff(1971) and Weyl and Ormsby (1960) claimed that the adhering water film loses its mobility at the clay-water interface. They compared the interaction of small colloidal clay particles with water to an interaction of inorganic cations with water, but because of the larger size of the former, the action is much greater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic molecules may also interact with clay particles in several ways: the molecules may be adsorbed on clay surface by ion-dipole forces, by dispersion forces, or by hydrogen bonding (Swartzen-Allen and Matijevir, 1974). Weyl and Ormsby (1960) emphasized the importance of the knowledge of clay-surface free energy to account for the rheological properties of clay materials. They gave several reasons, such as the polarization of surface ions, the adsorption of anions and dipoles, and 0mi n = contact angles on disc made from "dry" powders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Components of Surface Free Energy of Some Clay Minerals

Jańczuk

1988

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--The wetting contact angle was measured for water drops settled on the surface of pressed discs of kaolinite, alumina, bentonite, marble, montmorillonite, and quartzite immersed in hexane, octane, dodecane, cis-decalin, and air. Minimum and maximum values of the contact angle were obtained for the given systems of solid-water drop-hydrocarbon, depending on the manner of disc preparation. Using both minimum (0min) and maximum (0m~x) values of the contact angle, values of the dispersion component (3,s ~) of surface free energy of these solids were calculated from the equation which was derived on the basis of an equilibrium state of the system solid-water drop-hycrocarbon for two different hydrocarbons. The values of3,s ~ for kaolinite, alumina, bentonite, marble, montmorillonite, and quartzite obtained from Oma, are 83.5, 98.1, 98.9, 80.2, 95.9, and 89.7 mJ/m 2, and from Om~x are 73. 1, 85.0, 84.4, 75.8, 85.5, and 75.5 mJ/m 2. These values for marble and quartzite are similar to those in the literature (marble = 67.7 mJ/ma; quartzite = 71.3 and 76.0 m J/m2). The values of the dispersion components of surface free energy for marble and quartzite covered with a water film (q, sf a) were found to be: 41.8, 36.9; 49.2, 42.5; 49.6, 42.2; 40.2, 38.1; 48.1, 42.8; and 44.9, 38.0 mJ/m 2, respectively. Values of ~/s~ for kaolinite, bentonite, and montmorillonite agreed well with those obtained from hydrocarbon adsorption isotherms determined by differential thermal analysis (35.5, 36.5, and 37.4 mJ/m2).Using values of ~/sf ~ and contact angles measured in the system solid-water drop-air, the nondispersion component of the surface free energy of solids with adsorbed water film (~sr n) was calculated from the modified Young equation. The values of ~sf" for kaolinite and quartzite are as follows: 55.8, 69.0; 85.6, 94.0; 52.1, 75.0; 64.7, 68.9; 54.9, 71.3; and 59.2, 74.4 mJ/m z. The values of the nondispersion components determined for kaolinite, bentonite, and montmorillonite agreed well with those obtained by differential thermal analysis (67.6, 78.3, and 65.5 mJ/m 2, respectively). Further, based on the assumption that the adsorbed water film decreased the surface free energy of these solids by the value of the work of spreading wetting, the nondispersion component ('ys n) of the surface free energy of the solids was calculated to be: 86.9, 129.6; 169.5,187.7; 67.1,144.8; 117.5,129.3; 83.0, 135.7 and 100.2, 143.4 mJ/m 2. These calculated values of the nondispersion component of marble and quartzite surface free energy agree with those obtained from adsorption isotherms determined by chromatographic and differential thermal analysis (marble = 103.8, 106.4; quartzite = 112, 115, 153.6 mJ/m2).

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Effect of cations on the maximum yield values of a bentonite clay gel

Pinder

1974

Can J Chem Eng

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The effect of cations on the gel strength of a bentonite clay was studied by measuring the maximum yield value of clay salt mixtures. Cations which are in large concentration as exchanged ions on the clay act very differently upon the clay strength than do cations which are only in trace concentrations in the clay. For those cations which were originally in only trace concentrations, the ability to build up the gel strength is inversely proportional to their valence. Sodium and calcium ions reacted completely differently. The clay was tolerant to a large sodium concentration but lost gel strength with the addition of only a small amount of calcium. This result is explained in the light of previously reported ion exchange properties of clay.

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Atomistic Approach to the Rheology of Sand-Water and of Clay-Water Mixtures

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Relative viscosity and concentration

Relative viscosity and concentration

Components of Surface Free Energy of Some Clay Minerals

Effect of cations on the maximum yield values of a bentonite clay gel

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