Atopic allergy and delayed type hypersensitivity in Estonian children

Julge, Kaja; Meriste, Sirli; Kemp, Andrew; Björkstén, Bengt

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01503.x

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Nevertheless, several subsequent studies in different populations have failed to demonstrate any association between atopic disorders and tuberculin responsiveness (20–23), and some studies even revealed stronger responses to mycobacteria among allergic children (14, 24). Similarly, in a recent Estonian study, delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses to diphtheria and tetanus antigen were stronger in atopic children (25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

Atopic disorders among Estonian schoolchildren in relation to tuberculin reactivity and the age at BCG vaccination

Annus

Montgomery

Riikjärv

et al. 2004

Allergy

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mentioning

confidence: 66%

Atopic disorders among Estonian schoolchildren in relation to tuberculin reactivity and the age at BCG vaccination

Annus

Montgomery

Riikjärv

et al. 2004

Allergy

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“…6 10 However, some authors argue that the available epidemiological evidence may not provide support for this mechanism of early immune deviation and have suggested that the environmental influences on atopic disease are likely to occur throughout the life. 17 18 The present study was planned to investigate whether the effect of the farming environment on sensitisation to common allergens is restricted to early childhood or exists throughout life. In Finnish farms, women traditionally take care of cattle and previous studies have suggested that contact with animals is essential for the protective farm effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of farming environment on sensitisation to allergens continues after childhood

Koskela

Happonen²,

Remes³

et al. 2005

Occup Environ Med

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Aims: The farming environment in childhood has been reported to decrease the risk of sensitisation to allergens. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether later exposure to a farming environment also could affect this sensitisation. Methods: A population based sample of 202 women who did not live on a farm and 231 who did. The subjects filled in a questionnaire and underwent skin prick tests for several common and farming related allergens. Results: The prevalence of sensitisation to any of the allergens was similar in the two groups (37.1 v 34.6% (p = NS). However, compared with women who did not live on a farm, the women who lived on a dairy farm showed a low prevalence of sensitisation to pollens (4.4 v 17.3%, p = 0.01) and cats (3.5 v 10.4%, p = 0.047). The risk of sensitisation to pollens and pets was lowest among women with both a childhood and adulthood farming environment and was dose dependently associated with current contact with farm animals. However, this contact increased the risk of sensitisation to bovine dander. Conclusion: The farming environment may reduce sensitisation to common allergens also after early childhood. However, it may also increase sensitisation to farm allergens.

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“…The quoted work [17] points out that both the T(H1) and the T(H2) response might be disturbed in allergy sufferers, and this then results in allergies and infections. Fitting into this picture, the quoted study [18] shows that sensitized test persons show not only an increased T(H2) response, but also an increased T(H1) response (to diphtheria and tetanus toxins).…”

Section: Correlations Between Infections and Allergies/asthmamentioning

confidence: 89%

Correlations Between Allergic and Infectious Diseases – Results of the Latest German National Health Survey (NHS98) and the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)

Langen¹,

Röhmel²

2009

TOALLJ

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Abstract:In the literature, according to the hygiene hypothesis, infections should be expected to correlate with fewer allergies. However, several studies clearly show that infections -especially infections of the upper respiratory tract -and surrogate parameters such as the use of antibiotics or paracetamol correlate with a higher rate of allergies. This article reviews the literature (50 articles are analyzed) on possible connections between infections and allergies and offers some possible explanations. Original data from population-based health interviews and examination surveys of adults, children and adolescents are added. These data show a clear correlation between most infections and an enhanced allergy rate. Nevertheless, although the correlastions obtained seem intriguing, it has to be kept in mind, that no clear direction of the correlations can be stated since the database does not allow for such interpretation. So, the data do not necessarily add to the picture of the hygiene hypothesis, as the infections could have followed the allergies. The probability of suffering from an allergy rises with the number of infections (or vice versa) a person has had (e.g. the risk for adults of developing asthma is enhanced to 1.3 CI-95% 1.2-1.4 with enhanced numbers of former infections with pertussis, chickenpox, scarlet fever, dysentery or typhoid/paratyphoid). This applies especially to pertussis (e.g. 15.8% CI-95% 13.6-18.3% of children with hayfever had pertussis versus 7.6% CI-95% 6.9-8.3% of the healthy children) and chickenpox infections (e.g. 84.7% CI-95% 82.7-86.6% of children with hayfever had chickenpox versus 66.8% CI-95% 65.8-67.8% of the healthy children), both of which are preventable by vaccination.

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Atopic allergy and delayed type hypersensitivity in Estonian children

Abstract: In this group of children our findings do not support the hypothesis of an immune deviation with decreased Th1 and increased Th2 responses leading to atopic disease, but rather a process of immune modulation whereby both Th1 and Th2 responses are increased in atopic subjects.

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Atopic disorders among Estonian schoolchildren in relation to tuberculin reactivity and the age at BCG vaccination

Atopic disorders among Estonian schoolchildren in relation to tuberculin reactivity and the age at BCG vaccination

Effect of farming environment on sensitisation to allergens continues after childhood

Correlations Between Allergic and Infectious Diseases – Results of the Latest German National Health Survey (NHS98) and the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)

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