Atraumatic osteonecrosis of the humeral head: pathophysiology and current concepts of evaluation and treatment

Arthroscopic-Assisted Intraosseous Bioplasty of the Humeral Head for Osteonecrosis

“…Activity modification, physical therapy, and administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and injections may help to decrease the symptoms but are ineffective in reversing the process. 6 Multiple less invasive techniques have been described to surgically treat early-stage osteonecrosis of the humeral head, but once humeral head collapse occurs, surgical options may be relegated to joint arthroplasty. We advocate early diagnosis and treatment using the technique of arthroscopic-assisted intraosseous bioplasty to take advantage of not only the minimally invasive nature of the procedure but also the biological adjuncts to assist in revascularization and bony remodeling.…”