Atrazine: The Impact of Persistent Residues in Soil on Susceptible Crop Species

Frank, R.; Sirons, George J.; Anderson, G. W.

doi:10.4141/cjss83-031

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…After 107 mm of cumulative rainfall, residue levels from DT18.1 in the ®eld were as low as levels found in previous work using a conventional formulation. These residue levels are not phytotoxic to susceptible crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) (Frank et al, 1983;Bacon et al, 1986). The higher chickpea harvest from DT18.1 treatments 2 months later would indicate that ®eld residue levels did not increase over time.…”

Section: Leaching Of Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bioefficacy and leaching of controlled‐release formulations of triazine herbicides

Stork

1998

Weed Research

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Conventional formulations of atrazine and simazine were compared with controlled‐release formulations of these two herbicides for bioefficacy, leaching and crop safety in laboratory and field experiments. Three light‐textured soils with a pH range of 5.8–8.5 were used for this work. An oat bioassay (Avena sativa L.) was used to quantify soil concentrations of the herbicides. Comparison of the initial bioefficacy of controlled‐release formulations of atrazine and simazine showed their respective relative potencies to conventional formulations to be 0.51–0.85. The results indicated that the controlled‐release formulations maintained an entrapped reserve of active ingredient after delivery with a conventional boomsprayer. In laboratory trials, the controlled‐release formulations showed a reduction in leaching compared with conventional formulations. A controlled‐release formulation and a conventional formulation of atrazine were tested further in a field trial. A higher concentration of atrazine in topsoil from the controlled‐release formulation was observed 11 weeks after application after 107 mm of rainfall. It was deduced that this was caused by reduced leaching of the controlled‐release formulation, as observed in laboratory trials. EWRC scores for the control of a range of grass and broad‐leaved weeds were identical for both formulations. This indicated that, while the controlled‐release formulation could inhibit leaching of the active ingredient, it did not hinder the level of potency necessary for early weed control. EWRC crop safety ratings of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) sown at application were higher for the controlled‐release formulation 10 weeks after sowing, and subsequent harvest yields were 50% higher. It was inferred that this resulted from a favourable interaction between crop growth and the timing of the release of the active ingredient from the controlled‐release formulation. Altogether, the controlled‐release formulations displayed the necessary prerequisites for their further development for large‐scale use under arable regimes.

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Section: Leaching Of Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bioefficacy and leaching of controlled‐release formulations of triazine herbicides

Stork

1998

Weed Research

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“…This could also account for the different atrazine residue responses of soybean and groundnut used in the above studies. Frank et al (1983) detected soybean damage when the concentration of soil atrazine was 0.20 and 0.30 mg kg -1 for the sandy loam and loam soils, respectively. Therefore, it can only be speculated that the range of atrazine concentration of 0.056 to 0.086 mg kg -1 of soil (Chivinge & Mpofu, 1990), could possibly be safe for soybean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Use of Atrazine in Maize Grown Under Conservation Agriculture Adversely Affect Soybean Productivity in Maize-Soyabean Rotation in Zimbabwe?

Muoni¹,

Rusinamhodzi²,

Mabasa³

et al. 2014

JAS

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Weed management challenges in the early years of conservation agriculture (CA) adoption may require the use of herbicides for farmers to realise the immediate benefits of CA practices. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of atrazine on soybean grown after maize in a maize-soybean rotation under conservation agriculture. Atrazine was applied at 1.8 kg ha -1 active ingredient (a.i), as a pre-emergence herbicide in the maize phase of the rotation. The study was conducted in Zimbabwe at Domboshawa Training Centre (DTC), Henderson Research Station (HRS) and University of Zimbabwe farm (UZ farm) over two seasons (2011/2012 and 2012/2013). Manual weeding was utilised to keep the study area weed free and eliminate interference from weeds. Weed density, weed biomass, soybean germination, soybean biomass and grain yield were measured. The lowest germination of soybean was recorded at 57% in 2011/2012 at DTC under atrazine + glyphosate + metolachlor in combination with manual weeding treatment. Previous atrazine treatment to maize showed no significant differences on soybean biomass accumulation and broadleaf weed density at all sites in both seasons. The highest soybean yields recorded were 3707 kg ha -1 at DTC in 2011/12 season in atrazine + glyphosate + metolachlor plus manual weeding treatment. Based on results obtained in this study it can be concluded that soybean can be grown in plots where atrazine was applied as a pre-emergent herbicide during the maize phase.

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“…Three experiments were conducted under glasshouse conditions at Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales in 2018 and 2019. Five crops were chosen based on reported sensitivity to both trifluralin and atrazine [38], being wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Corack), barley (Hordeum vulgare cv.…”

Section: Test Crop Species Herbicides and Soil Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Trifluralin and Atrazine Sensitivity to Selected Cereal and Legume Crops

et al. 2020

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Soil-applied herbicides can persist in sufficient concentrations to affect the growth of crops in rotations. The sensitivity of wheat, barley, oat, lucerne and lentil to trifluralin and atrazine residues were investigated with three glasshouse experiments in 2018 and 2019. Each bioassay crop species was tested against different concentrations of trifluralin and atrazine in sandy soil using a full factorial design. Shoot and root parameters of the tested crop species were fitted in logistic equations against herbicide concentrations to calculate effective doses for 50% growth inhibition (ED50). Results revealed that both shoot and root parameters of all the test crop species were significantly affected by trifluralin and atrazine. Trifluralin delayed crop emergence at the lower concentrations examined, while higher concentrations prevented emergence entirely. Low concentrations of atrazine did not affect emergence but significantly reduced plant height, soil–plant analyses development (SPAD) index, shoot dry weight, root length, root dry weight and number of nodules of all the crop species. At high concentration, atrazine resulted in plant death. Legumes were found to be more sensitive than cereals when exposed to both trifluralin and atrazine treatments, with lucerne being the most sensitive to both herbicides, ED50 ranging from 0.01 to 0.07 mg/kg soil for trifluralin; and from 0.004 to 0.01 mg/kg for atrazine. Barley was the most tolerant species observed in terms of the two herbicides tested. Lucerne can be used to develop a simple but reliable bioassay technique to estimate herbicide residues in the soil so that a sound crop rotation strategy can be implemented.

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Atrazine: The Impact of Persistent Residues in Soil on Susceptible Crop Species

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Bioefficacy and leaching of controlled‐release formulations of triazine herbicides

Bioefficacy and leaching of controlled‐release formulations of triazine herbicides

Does the Use of Atrazine in Maize Grown Under Conservation Agriculture Adversely Affect Soybean Productivity in Maize-Soyabean Rotation in Zimbabwe?

Trifluralin and Atrazine Sensitivity to Selected Cereal and Legume Crops

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