Atrial Fibrillation

Goralnick, Eric; Bontempo, Laura J.

doi:10.1016/j.emc.2015.04.008

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…While AF is not fatal, it can be uncomfortable for the patient and prolonged AF increases the risk of stroke. 105,106 With time, AF results in a remodeling of the atrial tissue that involves both changes in function as well as the ultrastructure of the cells and tissue involved.…”

Section: Role Of Ca2+ Sparks In Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium sparks in the heart: dynamics and regulation

Hoang-Trong¹,

Ullah²,

Jafri³

2015

RRB

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Calcium (Ca2+) plays a central role in the contraction of the heart. It is the bi-directional link between electrical excitation of the heart and contraction. Electrical excitation initiates Ca2+influx across the sarcolemma and T-tubular membrane that triggered calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ca2+sparks are the elementary events of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of Ca2+sparks is essential for understanding the function of the heart. To this end, numerous experimental and computational studies have focused on this topic, exploring the mechanisms of calcium spark initiation, termination, and regulation and what role these play in normal and patho-physiology. The proper understanding of Ca2+ spark regulation and dynamics serves as the foundation for our insights into a multitude of pathological conditions may develop that can be the result of structural and/or functional changes at the cellular or subcellular level. Computational modeling of Ca2+ spark dynamics has proven to be a useful tool to understand Ca2+ spark dynamics. This review addresses our current understanding of Ca2+ sparks and how synchronized SR Ca2+ release, in which Ca2+ sparks is a major pathway, is linked to the different cardiac diseases, especially arrhythmias.

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Section: Role Of Ca2+ Sparks In Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium sparks in the heart: dynamics and regulation

Hoang-Trong¹,

Ullah²,

Jafri³

2015

RRB

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“…It is estimated that by 2050 nearly 16 million US patients will have AF [1]. Paroxysmal AF is initiated by focal triggers localized usually in one or more pulmonary veins and can be cured by a catheter-based ablation procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dofetilide effect on human atrial action potential under normal and atrial fibrillation conditions. In silico study

Tobón¹,

Pérez²,

Ugarte³

et al. 2017

VII Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2016, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia, October 26th -28th, 2016

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Abstract-Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Dofetilide is an antiarrhythmic drug for the treatment of chronic AF that specifically blocks the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current I Kr . Dofetilide prolongs the action potential duration and QT interval in a concentration-dependent fashion, therefore, the risk of QT prolongation is dose related. It is important to study the electrophysiological effects of dofetilide at different concentrations in human atrial cells. For this, we simulated the effects of dofetilide on human atrial cell and studied its effect on atrial action potential under normal conditions and during cAF. We developed a model of dofetilide effects on I Kr and I KACh . Our results show that dofetilide blocks both currents in a fraction greater as the concentration increases, which results in an action potential duration lengthening. To our knowledge, this is the first work that has developed mathematical models of dofetilide effects on I Kr and I KACh currents to study its effect on human atrial action potential.

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“…AF is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia, affects between 1 and 2 % of general population, with a peak prevalence of 10 % in those older than 80 years. It is estimated that by 2050 nearly 16 million US patients will have AF [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%