Attachable Pulse Sensors Integrated with Inorganic Optoelectronic Devices for Monitoring Heart Rates at Various Body Locations

Kim, Juho; Kim, Namyun; Kwon, Minjeong; Lee, Jongho

doi:10.1021/acsami.7b05264

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that the stretchable nature results from the encapsulation layer consisting of SiON and parylene. In addition to organics PDs, inorganic PDs owning reliable electrical and mechanical properties are also used for attachable and flexible pulse and heart rates measuring …”

Section: Applications Of Wearable Photodetector Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials and Designs for Wearable Photodetectors

et al. 2019

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Photodetectors (PDs), as an indispensable component in electronics, are highly desired to be flexible to meet the trend of next‐generation wearable electronics. Unfortunately, no in‐depth reviews on the design strategies, material exploration, and potential applications of wearable photodetectors are found in literature to date. Thus, this progress report first summarizes the fundamental design principles of turning “hard” photodetectors “soft,” including 2D (polymer and paper substrate‐based devices) and 1D PDs (fiber shaped devices). In short, the flexibility of PDs is realized through elaborate substrate modification, material selection, and device layout. More importantly, this report presents the current progress and specific requirements for wearable PDs according to the application: monitoring, imaging, and optical communication. Challenges and future research directions in these fields are proposed at the end. The purpose of this progress report is not only to shed light on the basic design principles of wearable PDs, but also serve as the roadmap for future exploration in wearable PDs in various applications, including health monitoring and Internet of Things.

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Section: Applications Of Wearable Photodetector Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials and Designs for Wearable Photodetectors

et al. 2019

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“…Wearable vital sign measurement systems are attracting worldwide attention because they have significant benefits as medical and healthcare applications. For example, various developed wearable sensors, such as electrocardiogram (ECG) 1,2 , electromyogram (EMG) 3,4 , pulse wave 5,6 , blood flow 7,8 , and temperature 9–11 sensors have been reported. In particular, considering that the leading cause of death in the world is heart disease, the demand for wearable ECG measurement equipment is very high 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Contact Pressure and Motion Artifacts in ECG Measurement with Electrostatic Flocked Electrodes Fabricated on Textile

Takeshita

Yoshida

Takei

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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To develop a wearable multi-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) measuring system, we fabricated the electrodes and wires by using electrostatic flocking technology on a textile. By using this technology, it was possible to fabricate many electrodes and wires, simultaneously. Also the flocked electrodes and wires had stretchability and washing resistance properties. To use dry electrodes, it is important to reduce the influence of motion artifacts (MAs). The results of the experiment with the skin phantom revealed that the contact pressure between the skin and the electrode is an important factor in MA reduction. Then, we conducted experiments with a human body to determine the relationship between the contact pressure and the MAs. Under the pressures of 200 Pa and 500 Pa, MAs were observed. Meanwhile, under the pressures of 1000 Pa, 2000Pa and 4000 Pa, the ECG signals under rest and deep breathing conditions were able to be measured without MAs. Considering the comfortability, the contact pressure from 1000 Pa to 2000 is preferable. Finally, we fabricated the wearable ECG measuring system and succeeded in measuring 18-lead ECG signals. The measured ECG waveform is in good agreement with the ECG waveform measured by a commercial system.

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“…As an implantable power generator, arrays of the solar microcells (size: 800 µm × 600 µm, thickness: ≈4.1 µm) were fabricated by growing epitaxially on GaAs wafers, and transferred onto flexible substrates (thickness: 12.5 µm) with the aid of a spin‐casted thin SU‐8 adhesive layer (thickness: ≈2 µm) as reported previously . After interconnecting the solar microcells in series (× 3) and parallel (× 6) by defining additional metal layers, the array was encapsulated with a transparent SU‐8 layer (thickness: 6 µm) with openings to expose metal electrodes (Ti: 30 nm/Au: 200 nm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic‐Release Insertion Shuttle Designed for Implanting Flexible Biomedical Electronic Devices into Live Bodies

Kwon

Song

Jung

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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of the implanted devices induces minimized inflammation on live tissues, thus improves long-term stability, [14,[19][20][21] the insufficient bending rigidity can make manipulation of the flexible devices difficult, especially in implantation procedures, requiring relatively large incision to settle flexible devices.Recently, many approaches for minimally invasive implantation of flexible devices into bodies were investigated, particularly for biomedical implants including the flexible neural probes [22] and other silicon electronics. [7,23] One approach is to increase mechanical stiffness temporarily by coating bioresorbable materials over the flexible devices to insert through an incision without buckling. [24][25][26] The devices recover the original flexibility by dissolving the supporting materials after implantation. Other groups use stiff temporary guides to support flexible electronic devices while reaching into target organs. The guides include the stiff shank mounting the sheath-type devices, [27] the microflap array to switch adhesion on the metal substrate, [28] and the syringe to inject the mesh shape electronics. [29] Although some of these methods without using bioresorbable materials enable immediate release of devices, deliberate external manipulation is required to control adhesion or types of implantable devices may be limited to pass through submillimeter needles. When using bioresorbable materials as supporting structures, they may need to be thick enough to have sufficient mechanical stiffness to penetrate through live tissues [30,31] even though it may take much dissolution time to completely dissolve before starting functioning such as reading biological signals in live bodies.In many cases, bioresorbable materials such as self-assembled monolayer coating, [32] polyethylene glycol, [33] sacrificial metal, [34] and silk fibroin [35] temporarily hold the flexible devices on the stiff guides while inserting. The procedures require waiting time for the biomaterials to dissolve to release flexible devices from the temporary stiff guides that are to be retracted from bodies. It will be very convenient to short the dissolution time for both surgeons and patients under operations. Here, we present the insertion shuttle that temporarily holds a flexible implantable device while inserting and releases the device by dissolving the adhesive layer with the aid of liquid delivered more efficiently to the interface through the elastomeric post array and microfluidic channel constituted on the customized stiff metal substrate. The insertion shuttle we report here has advantages of using a stiff guide for more convenient handling Implantable biomedical devices in flexible forms are attractive as they are more mechanically compatible with soft live tissues than rigid implants. The flexible implants can bend comfortably instead of delivering stress or strain to the surrounding live tissues when they are exposed to external stresses. However, because of the nature of the mechanical properties, the flexible bi...

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Attachable Pulse Sensors Integrated with Inorganic Optoelectronic Devices for Monitoring Heart Rates at Various Body Locations

Cited by 39 publications

References 49 publications

Materials and Designs for Wearable Photodetectors

Materials and Designs for Wearable Photodetectors

Relationship between Contact Pressure and Motion Artifacts in ECG Measurement with Electrostatic Flocked Electrodes Fabricated on Textile

Microfluidic‐Release Insertion Shuttle Designed for Implanting Flexible Biomedical Electronic Devices into Live Bodies

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