Attack Detection for Healthcare Monitoring Systems Using Mechanical Learning in Virtual Private Networks over Optical Transport Layer Architecture

Liagkou, Vasiliki; Kavvadas, Vasileios; Chronopoulos, Spyridon K.; Tafiadis, Dionysios; Christofilakis, Vasilis; Peppas, Kostas P.

doi:10.3390/computation7020024

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The cluster heads cardinality is reduced by 40.1%, the energy consumption is enhanced by 21.7% and the network lifetime is extended by 20.8%. As future work, we plan to study the effect of introducing the State of Health (

) of rechargeable batteries [ 60 ] during the clustering and integrating an optimized attack prevention schemes [ 61 ] to avoid the sudden death of network device and further increase the network durability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Distributed Multi-Hop Intra-Clustering Approach Based on Neighbors Two-Hop Connectivity for IoT Networks

Batta

Mabed

Aliouat

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Under a dense and large IoT network, a star topology where each device is directly connected to the Internet gateway may cause serious waste of energy and congestion issues. Grouping network devices into clusters provides a suitable architecture to reduce the energy consumption and allows an effective management of communication channels. Although several clustering approaches were proposed in the literature, most of them use the single-hop intra-clustering model. In a large network, the number of clusters increases and the energy draining remains almost the same as in un-clustered architecture. To solve the problem, several approaches use the k-hop intra-clustering to generate a reduced number of large clusters. However, k-hop proposed schemes are, generally, centralized and only assume the node direct neighbors information which lack of robustness. In this regard, the present work proposes a distributed approach for the k-hop intra-clustering called Distributed Clustering based 2-Hop Connectivity (DC2HC). The algorithm uses the two-hop neighbors connectivity to elect the appropriate set of cluster heads and strengthen the clusters connectivity. The objective is to optimize the set of representative cluster heads to minimize the number of long range communication channels and expand the network lifetime. The paper provides the convergence proof of the proposed solution. Simulation results show that our proposed protocol outperforms similar approaches available in the literature by reducing the number of generated cluster heads and achieving longer network lifetime.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Distributed Multi-Hop Intra-Clustering Approach Based on Neighbors Two-Hop Connectivity for IoT Networks

Batta

Mabed

Aliouat

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data security is particularly important in the medical field, and Liag et al developed an attack detection model for medical surveillance systems using Internet Protocol (IP) virtual private networks (VPNs) over optical transport networks. They proposed a multilayer network architecture and a lightweight implementation of the procedure that enabled remote access to medical devices [280].…”

Section: Cybersecurity and Data Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Adoption Challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Smart Cities in China

Wang

Zhao²,

Gangadhari

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Smart cities play a vital role in the growth of a nation. In recent years, several countries have made huge investments in developing smart cities to offer sustainable living. However, there are some challenges to overcome in smart city development, such as traffic and transportation management, energy and water distribution and management, air quality and waste management monitoring, etc. The capabilities of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) can help to achieve some goals of smart cities, and there are proven examples from some cities like Singapore, Copenhagen, etc. However, the adoption of AI and the IoT in developing countries has some challenges. The analysis of challenges hindering the adoption of AI and the IoT are very limited. This study aims to fill this research gap by analyzing the causal relationships among the challenges in smart city development, and contains several parts that conclude the previous scholars’ work, as well as independent research and investigation, such as data collection and analysis based on DEMATEL. In this paper, we have reviewed the literature to extract key challenges for the adoption of AI and the IoT. These helped us to proceed with the investigation and analyze the adoption status. Therefore, using the PRISMA method, 10 challenges were identified from the literature review. Subsequently, determination of the causal inter-relationships among the key challenges based on expert opinions using DEMATEL is performed. This study explored the driving and dependent power of the challenges, and causal relationships between the barriers were established. The results of the study indicated that “lack of infrastructure (C1)”, ”insufficient funds (C2)”, “cybersecurity risks (C3)”, and “lack of trust in AI, IoT” are the causal factors that are slowing down the adoption of AI and IoT in smart city development. The inter-relationships between the various challenges are presented using a network relationship map, cause–effect diagram. The study’s findings can help regulatory bodies, policymakers, and researchers to make better decisions to overcome the challenges for developing sustainable smart cities.

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“…Among the discussed cyber defense measures, the authors focus on means for ensuring physical cybersecurity, recommendations for mitigating risks in space-based and radio communication, email and browser protection, and the adoption of Intrusion Detecting System (IDS). Note that IDSs and other standalone attack detection methods [ 15 ] are extensively used in IT [ 16 , 17 ] and OT [ 18 ] networks and can bring benefits to the security of networked ship systems.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Triggering Mechanism for Cyber-Attacks in Naval Sensors and Systems

Leite

Moraes

Albuquerque

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In the maritime sector, the integration of radar systems, Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) through digital technologies enables several benefits to maritime operations, but also make ships prone to cyberattacks. In this context, this work investigates the feasibility of an attacker using a radar system or AIS as open door to remotely send commands to a cyber threat hosted on a ship, even if the ship’s systems are air gapped—i.e., are not connected to other networks. The received commands are intended to trigger a cyber threat located in the ship. Although the literature covers several analyzes on cyber risks and vulnerabilities in naval systems, it lacks exploiting mechanisms capable of acknowledging attack commands received through radar and AIS. To this end, this work proposes a triggering mechanism that uses a template matching technique to detect specific patterns transmitted by the attacker to the ship’s radar or AIS. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique as a tool to acknowledge the received attack commands and activate a malicious code previously installed on the ship. In the case of attacks on a radar system, the accuracy achieved by the proposed method is 0.90. In the case of attacks on an AIS/ECDIS setup it presents an accuracy of 0.93. In both cases the proposed mechanism maintains the due safety against accidental attack activations.

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Attack Detection for Healthcare Monitoring Systems Using Mechanical Learning in Virtual Private Networks over Optical Transport Layer Architecture

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

A Distributed Multi-Hop Intra-Clustering Approach Based on Neighbors Two-Hop Connectivity for IoT Networks

A Distributed Multi-Hop Intra-Clustering Approach Based on Neighbors Two-Hop Connectivity for IoT Networks

Analyzing the Adoption Challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Smart Cities in China

A Triggering Mechanism for Cyber-Attacks in Naval Sensors and Systems

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