Attempted Semen Collection Using the Massage Technique and Semen Analysis in Various Psittacine Species

Stelzer, Gabriele; Crosta, Lorenzo; Bürkle, Marcellus; Krautwald‐Junghanns, Maria‐Elisabeth

doi:10.1647/1082-6742(2005)019[0007:ascutm]2.0.co;2

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although criticism of some of the above classification systems has been expressed, each relies on the identification of specific sperm abnormalities and each presents a detailed list of observable anomalies, most of which have been thoroughly described by light microscopy supported by numerous ultrastructural studies. In contrast, the morphological classification of avian sperm abnormalities lacks uniformity and although the presence of abnormal sperm has been reported in a variety of bird species [17,21,26,27,28,35,41,57], the anomalies are described in broad and variable terms which makes it difficult to draw meaningful comparisons. The lack of detailed descriptions of avian sperm abnormalities is compounded, with few exceptions [19,22,29,30,31], by a dearth of supportive ultrastructural data.…”

Section: Cytoplasmic Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various types of sperm abnormalities which result in a decrease in fertility and can lead to infertility have been identified in mammals, including man, and detailed descriptions of the defects including their ultrastructure have been documented [12][13][14][15][16]. There are a number of reports on the incidence of sperm abnormalities in birds, particularly in domestic poultry such as the fowl [17], turkey [18,19,20], duck [21] and goose [22], as well as in ratites [6,23,24,25] and exotic species [26,27,28]. However, the recording of the defects lacks conformity and the morphological description of the anomalies, confined mainly to light microscopic descriptions, suffers, with few exceptions [19,22,29,30,31],from a lack of ultrastructural detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence, structure and morphological classification of abnormal sperm in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Plessis

Soley

2011

Theriogenology

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Little detailed information is currently available on the incidence and morphological characteristics of abnormal sperm in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) and of ratites in general. This situation is further compounded by the lack of a uniform system for the morphological classification of avian sperm defects. Considering the important role that sperm morphology plays in the assessment of semen quality, a detailed description of avian sperm defects is of paramount importance. Based on morphological data provided by light and electron microscopy, a mean of 17.3% abnormal sperm was recorded in semen samples collected from the distal deferent duct of four adult emus during the middle of the breeding season. Four categories of defects were identified. Head defects (57.2% of total defects) consisted of bent heads, macrocephalic heads, round heads and acephalic sperm. Zones of incomplete chromatin condensation and retained cytoplasmic droplets appeared to be implicated in head bending, while giant heads were often associated with multiple tails. Acephalic sperm revealed a complete tail devoid of a head which was replaced by a small spherical structure. Tail defects (22.6% of total defects) were subdivided into neck/midpiece defects and principal piece defects. In the neck/midpiece region disjointed sperm were the exclusive defect noted and were characterized by the complete separation of the head and midpiece in the neck region but within the confines of the plasmalemma. Defects observed in the principal piece were subdivided into short tails, coiled tails and multiple tails. No conclusive evidence was obtained that tail coiling represented the 'Dag' defect. Biflagellate sperm were the most common form of multiple tails, demonstrating two complete tails with all the normal structural elements. Cytoplasmic droplets (13.9% of total defects) were classified as a separate defect. The location and eccentric positioning of retained cytoplasmic droplets was similar to that described in ostrich sperm although the composition of the droplets differed markedly between the two species. A small percentage of sperm (6.3% of total sperm defects) displayed multiple abnormalities. Based on these findings we propose a morphological classification for abnormal ratite sperm identifying head and tail defects, with additional categories for cytoplasmic droplets and multiple defects. Each category is further subdivided to reflect a range of specific defects within the category. It is envisaged that additional defects will be added to each category or that new categories may be added as future studies on the detailed morphology of avian sperm defects are completed.

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Section: Cytoplasmic Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, structure and morphological classification of abnormal sperm in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Plessis

Soley

2011

Theriogenology

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“…This anomaly was originally described by Saeki [13] as crooked-necked sperm, the term being defined by Maeda et al [16] as an acute bend in the neck region or anywhere along the length of the midpiece. Various terms such as "broken-necked", "bent-neck" and "neck-bending" have also been used and this defect has been described, but not always defined, in a number of avian species including the fowl, duck, goose, turkey, partridge, Japanese quail and parrots [15,17,[19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head-base bending and disjointed spermatozoa in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): A morphological comparison of two closely related defects

Plessis

Soley

2011

Theriogenology

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The accurate assessment of avian sperm abnormalities is hampered by a lack of descriptive data and by the confusing terminology currently in use. Critical appraisal of semen samples from the distal ductus deferens of the emu revealed that two closely related yet separate (distinct) defects previously collectively referred to as "bent sperm" or "crooked-necked sperm" could be identified by light and electron microscopy. Head-base bending typically involved a 180° bend at the base of the nucleus which placed the head and midpiece into close apposition and parallel to each other. No part of the neck or midpiece was involved and bending was restricted exclusively to the base of the nucleus. Incomplete chromatin condensation was always associated with the bend. Disjointed sperm, which superficially resembled "bent" sperm, showed complete separation of the neck from 2 the head-base at the level of the connecting piece. All structural elements of the neck region appeared normal. In both defects the region of contact between the head (nucleus) and the neck/midpiece was enclosed as a unit by the plasmalemma. Both defects were observed to originate in the testis; however, their subsequent expression in the ductus deferens cannot be ruled out. These results confirm that head-base bending of emu sperm represents a head defect, whereas disjointed sperm should be classified as a tail (neck/midpiece) defect.

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“…This necessitates the conservation of Red Jungle Fowl through the use of assisted reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination (AI) and semen banking. AI and/or semen banking have been applied in the order Falconiformes, Gruiformes, Anseriformes (Gee and Temple, 1978), Sand Hill Crane (Grus canadensis; Gee et al, 1985), emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae; Malecki et al, 1998), penguins (Sphenisciformes;O'Brien et al, 1999), ostrich (Struthio camelus; Rozenboim et al, 2003), Cheer Pheasant (Catreus wallichii; Jalme et al, 2003), large parrots (Psittaciformes; Stelzer et al, 2005) and Cabot's Tragopan (Tragopan caboti; Zhang, 2006). Successful application of AI and/or semen banking requires high quality semen from breeding males (Malecki et al, 1997;Klimowicz et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Ejaculate Frequencies on the Quality of Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus murghi) semen

Rakha¹,

Hussaın²,

Asma-Ul-Husna

et al. 2015

Avian Biology Research

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The Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus murghi), a native species of Southern Asia is threatened by habitat destruction, egg collection, predation and genetic hybridisation. Semen banking is one of the reproductive techniques used for the conservation of endangered species. To develop a semen bank for Red Jungle Fowl, the impact of semen collection frequencies on spermatozoa must be known. The study evaluated the impact of four ejaculate collection frequencies (once in 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours) on semen quality parameters (volume, motility, concentration, live/dead ratio, acrosomal integrity and plasma membrane integrity) of Red Jungle Fowl semen. Sperm motility and concentration was higher (P < 0.05) at 24, 48 and 72 hours of collection period compared to 12 hours. Semen volume increased (P < 0.05) at 48 and 72 hours of collection compared to 12 and 24 hours of collection frequency. The sperm acrosomal integrity was higher (P < 0.05) at 72 hours of collection compared to 12, 24 and 72 hours of collection frequency. The plasma membrane integrity was not affected by the frequency of collection (P > 0.05). The number of live sperm were observed to be higher (P > 0.05) at 12 hours of collection compared to 24, 48 and 72 hours. The overall semen output of all cocks was theoretically similar at a collection frequency of once in 48 hours and 72 hours in all of the semen quality parameters evaluated in this study. It is concluded that semen of optimum quality may be collected at 48 and 72 hours of interval for captive breeding programs of Red Jungle Fowl.

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Attempted Semen Collection Using the Massage Technique and Semen Analysis in Various Psittacine Species

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Incidence, structure and morphological classification of abnormal sperm in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Incidence, structure and morphological classification of abnormal sperm in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Head-base bending and disjointed spermatozoa in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): A morphological comparison of two closely related defects

Impact of Ejaculate Frequencies on the Quality of Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus murghi) semen

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