Attention and memory biases in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: indications from a pilot study

Gotlib, Ian H.; Traill, Saskia; Montoya, Rebecca L.; Joormann, Jutta; Chang, Kiki

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00333.x

Cited by 73 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In these circumstances, the attentional preference toward threatening stimuli would increase the BD patients 0 emotional reactivity and would contribute to the onset or exacerbation of an affective episode. This bias toward threatening information is in accordance with accounts that emphasize the influence of these pathogenic attentional biases on reactivity to stressful events for BD patients, even in asymptomatic patients and high-risk relatives (e.g., see Gotlib et al, 2005;Alloy et al, 2006). In this respect, Gotlib et al (2005) reported that, after the induction of a negative mood, the offspring of parents with BD exhibited an attentional bias toward threatening and manic-irritable information, but not toward positive or negative information.…”

Section: Stimulus Category Number Of Fixations (% Of Total)supporting

confidence: 85%

“…This bias toward threatening information is in accordance with accounts that emphasize the influence of these pathogenic attentional biases on reactivity to stressful events for BD patients, even in asymptomatic patients and high-risk relatives (e.g., see Gotlib et al, 2005;Alloy et al, 2006). In this respect, Gotlib et al (2005) reported that, after the induction of a negative mood, the offspring of parents with BD exhibited an attentional bias toward threatening and manic-irritable information, but not toward positive or negative information. Furthermore, as indicated in Section 1, fMRI studies have shown a disturbance in neural activation during fear or threat processing across the different states of BD (including asymptomatic patients) using a variety of emotional paradigms (see Chen et al, 2006, for patients with mania and bipolar depression; see Wessa et al, 2007, for an example with euthymic patients).…”

Section: Stimulus Category Number Of Fixations (% Of Total)supporting

confidence: 85%

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Attentional biases toward emotional images in the different episodes of bipolar disorder: An eye-tracking study

García‐Blanco¹,

Salmerón²,

Perea³

et al. 2014

Psychiatry Research

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a b s t r a c tAttentional biases toward emotional information may represent vulnerability and maintenance factors in bipolar disorder (BD). The present experimental study examined the processing of emotional information in BD patients using the eye-tracking technology. Bipolar patients in their different states (euthymia, mania, depression) simultaneously viewed four pictures with different emotional valence (happy, neutral, sad, threatening) for 20 s while their eye movements were monitored. A group of healthy individuals served as the control. The data revealed the following: (i) a decrease in attention to happy images in BD patients in their depressive episodes compared to healthy individuals, and (ii) an increase in attention to threatening images in BD patients (regardless of their episode) relative to the healthy controls. These biases appeared in the late stages of information processing and were sustained over the 20 s interval. Thus, the present findings reveal that attentional biases toward emotional information can be a key feature of BD, in that: (i) an anhedonic lack of sensitivity to positive stimuli during the bipolar depressive episode may be considered a maintaining factor of this clinical state, and (ii) the trait-bias toward threat, even in asymptomatic patients, may reflect a marker of vulnerability in BD.

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Section: Stimulus Category Number Of Fixations (% Of Total)supporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Stimulus Category Number Of Fixations (% Of Total)supporting

confidence: 85%

Attentional biases toward emotional images in the different episodes of bipolar disorder: An eye-tracking study

García‐Blanco¹,

Salmerón²,

Perea³

et al. 2014

Psychiatry Research

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“…In particular, previous studies in BD have consistently shown a robust effect of negative stimuli on cognitive processing Passarotti et al 2011;Pavuluri et al 2012). Although current literature does not view such biases as primary endophenotypic markers of BD, both healthy pediatric BD offspring (Gotlib et al 2005) and adult siblings of BD patients exhibit affective processing biases toward negative stimuli in tasks of impulse control (Clark et al 2005;Klimes-Dougan et al 2006;Maziade et al 2009;Brand et al 2012). Similar to patients with BD, at-risk individuals display deficits in sustained attention and executive functioning (Zalla et al 2004;Frangou et al 2005;Klimes-Dougan et al 2006;Trivedi et al 2008;Kulkarni et al 2010;Diwadkar et al 2011) which suggests that cognitive deficits and affective processing biases could be interrelated, and may constitute markers of vulnerability to BD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Affective Processing in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Offspring of Bipolar Parents

Bauer

Frazier

Meyer

et al. 2015

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by biased processing of emotional information. However, little research in this area has been conducted in youth with BD and at-risk individuals. The goal of this study was to determine whether children with BD displayed comparable or more severe manifestations of this bias relative to offspring of parents with BD. Materials and methods: The sample (n = 57 children and adolescents) included 18 individuals with BD (age: 13.63 -2.99; 8 females), 16 offspring of parents with BD (age: 11.83 -2.96; 9 females) and 23 healthy controls (HC) (age: 12.789 -3.087; 8 females). All participants performed the Affective Go/No-Go (AGN) and the Rapid Visual Processing (RVP) tasks of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Results: Relative to HC, individuals with BD responded faster to correct trials and committed an elevated number of commission errors across all affective conditions of the AGN task. By contrast, BD offspring showed intact performance accuracy but quicker response times than HC. Post-hoc analyses revealed that this behavioral pattern was observed in BD offspring with mental health problems but not in healthy BD offspring. Overall, mean reaction times and total number of errors in the RVP task were comparable across groups. Conclusions: In line with previous findings, subjects with BD encountered difficulties in processing affective information. The tendency toward faster but accurate responses to affective stimuli observed in BD offspring may be a marker of attentional bias toward affective information and constitute a vulnerability marker for mood disorder.

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“…KlimesDougan et al [50] found that asymptomatic adolescent children of bipolar mothers showed deficits in executive functioning and selective deficits in spatial memory and attention in comparison with children of mothers with unipolar depression and without any disorder. Gotlib et al [51] found that, compared with normal controls, children of bipolar parents showed biases in attention and memory towards negative stimuli, similar to those found for bipolar and unipolar depressed adults, suggesting that children at increased risk for affective disorder are characterized by a negative cognitive style that can be activated by low mood. In a wide ranging review, Jones and Bentall [49] found that compared with normal controls, children of bipolar parents had higher levels of sensation seeking [52] and disinhibition [53], but also higher levels of creativity [54].…”

Section: Children Of Adults With Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 95%

Evidence-Based Treatment

古賀¹

2017

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology

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Objective: The literature on bipolar in children and adolescents was reviewed to provide an update for clinicians. Review process: Literature of particular relevance to evidence-based practice was selected for critical review. Outcomes: An up-to-date overview of clinical features, epidemiology, prognosis, aetiology, assessment and intervention was provided. Conclusions: Bipolar disorder in children and adolescence is a relatively common, multifactorially determined and recurring problem which persists into adulthood. Psychometrically robust screening questionnaires and structured interviews facilitate reliable assessment. Multimodal chronic care programmes involving medication (notably lithium) and familyoriented psychotherapy are currently the treatment of choice. Keywords: Paediatric bipolar disorder, bipolar disorderResumen Objetivo: Se revisó la literatura sobre el trastorno bipolar en niñ os y adolescentes para ofrecer una actualizació n al médico. Proceso de revisión: Se seleccionó para una revisió n crítica la literatura que tuviera una relevancia concreta en relació n a la práctica basada en la evidencia. Resultados: Se brinda una revisió n actualizada sobre las características clínicas, la epidemiología, el pronó stico, la evaluació n y el manejo. Conclusión: El trastorno bipolar es un problema recurrente y relativamente comú n en niñ os y adolescentes, determinado a partir de mú ltiples factores, y que persiste hasta la edad adulta. La aplicació n de cuestionarios psicométricos de tamizaje y de entrevistas estructuradas permite una evaluació n confiable. El tratamiento de elecció n son los programas multimodales de cuidado cró nico, que incluyen el uso de medicamentos (particularmente litio) y psicoterapia orientada a la familia.

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Attention and memory biases in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: indications from a pilot study

Cited by 73 publications

References 63 publications

Attentional biases toward emotional images in the different episodes of bipolar disorder: An eye-tracking study

Attentional biases toward emotional images in the different episodes of bipolar disorder: An eye-tracking study

Affective Processing in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder and Offspring of Bipolar Parents

Evidence-Based Treatment

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