Attention and perceptual priming in the perceptual identification task.

Mulligan, Neil W.; Hornstein, Susan L.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.26.3.626

Cited by 36 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Second, whenever divided attention fails to impair performance, there is always a risk that the task used to divide attention is not difficult enough (Mulligan, 1997(Mulligan, , 1998Mulligan & Hornstein, 2000). The internal evidence here argues against this.…”

Section: Conceptual Primingmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Similarly, Gabrieli et al (1999) reported that keeping track of sequences ofthree consecutive odd numbers reduced priming in exemplar generation, but not in category verification. Nonetheless, Mulligan (1997Mulligan ( , 1998Mulligan & Hornstein, 2000) has shown that varying the difficulty of concurrent activities affects the magnitude ofpriming for some tasks, but not for others. Without systematic manipulation of the attentional requirements of distractor tasks, we cannot conclude with certainty that priming in semantic verification tasks is immune from the effects of divided attention.…”

Section: Conceptual Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Words were presented flanked by single digits, and the participants were asked to decide whether the sum ofthe digits was odd or even. Given that we have previously found this task to reduce priming in word naming (Light & Prull, 1995) and that a similar, probably less demanding, arithmetic task reduces priming in perceptual identification of words even with a relatively long 3-sec presentation duration (Mulligan & Hornstein, 2000), this task was expected to provide a good test of the sensitivity of both exemplar generation and category verification to divided attention.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…Other studies have found reductions in repetition priming on such tasks following study in divided attention conditions (Hawley & Johnston, 1991;Weldon & JacksonBarrett, 1993). And still others have had both outcomes, depending on the particular arrangements of the study and test conditions (Gabrieli et aI., 1995;Mulligan & Hornstein, 2000;Wolters & Prinsen, 1997). Light and Prull (1995) also found a negative effect of divided attention on priming in word naming, a task that appears to be largely perceptually driven (MacLeod, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies bear out this conjecture. Hard, but not easy, divided attention tasks reduce priming in exemplar generation (Mulligan, 1997), word-stem completion (Wolters & Prinsen, 1997), and perceptual identification (Mulligan & Hornstein, 2000). This strongly suggests that conclusions about the role of attention in any given indirect measure of memory can be drawn only after a number of manipulations of attention have been tried.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Divided attention, aging, and priming in exemplar generation and category verification

2000

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Transfer-appropriate processing theories differentiate between conceptual-and perceptual-priming tasks. The former are said to be influenced by the nature of processing engaged in at study, but not by changes in modality between study and test; the latter are sensitive to changes in format between study and test, but not to variations in the extent ofsemantic processing at study. In the present experiments, we examined the effects of divided attention and aging on priming in exemplar generation and category verification, two tasks that require access to semantic information at test. Manipulations of attention during encoding affected the extent of priming in exemplar generation, but not in category verification. Priming effects were similar in young and older adults in exemplar generation following study in both full and divided attention. Although older adults did not demonstrate priming in category verification in one experiment, no effects of age or divided attention were observed in a second experiment. In addition, priming in category verification was unaffected by varying the level of processing at encoding. However, the absence of levels-of-processing and attention effects in category verification does not signal that priming in this task has a perceptual basis; priming in category verification was insensitive to modality shifts between study and test. The implications of these fmdings for theories of priming and cognitive aging are considered.Division of attention during encoding is well known to have negative consequences for performance on direct measures of memory, such as recall and recognition, that involve deliberate recollection of prior study episodes (e.g, Craik, Govoni, Naveh-Benjamin, & Anderson, 1996;Fisk & Schneider, 1984;Kellogg, 1980;Parkin, Reid, & Russo, 1990;Weldon & Jackson-Barrett, 1993). However, the consequences of dividing attention during encoding on indirect memory tasks, in which the task instructions do not mention the relation between the task to be performed and the prior study episodes, are less well understood. It is, for instance, unclear whether we should expect the effects of dividing attention to be uniform across all classes of indirect memory tasks.Recent research on the consequences of dividing attention for indirect measures of memory has been guided largely by the transfer-appropriate processing frame-

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Section: Conceptual Primingmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Conceptual Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Divided attention, aging, and priming in exemplar generation and category verification

2000

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Novelty detection and repetition suppression in a passive picture viewing task: A possible approach for the evaluation of neuropsychiatric disorders

Jessen¹,

Manka²,

Scheef³

et al. 2002

Human Brain Mapping

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The applicability of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or schizophrenia is frequently limited by cognitive impairment, which prevents the adequate execution of complex tasks. An experimental design that puts only minor demands on the patients' cognitive ability but engages disease-relevant brain structures would be of benefit. Novelty detection and repetition suppression are two basic components of memory that might be used to investigate specific brain areas under these conditions. Novelty detection has been related to hippocampal activation increases. Stimulus repetition related activation decreases (suppression) have been observed in the extrastriate cortex and have been related to perceptual priming. Both processes have been examined primarily in neuroimaging studies with complex cognitive tasks. We used event-related fMRI to investigate novelty- and repetition-related effects in an attended but passive picture-viewing task in healthy subjects. The differential activation, detected in the novel vs. repeated contrast, was located in the bilateral anterior hippocampus and in bilateral occipital and inferior-temporal areas. The hippocampal activation is of interest because medial temporal lobe lesions are key features in AD and schizophrenia. The repetition-related activation decreases in the extrastriate areas are of potential value in investigating the conflicting results regarding perceptual priming impairment in both disorders. Our results indicate that activation of disease-relevant brain regions under passive task conditions is possible. This might increase the utility of functional imaging in cognitively impaired patients.

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Encoding Deselection and Long-Term Memory

Rajaram

Travers

Dynamic Cognitive Processes

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Attention and perceptual priming in the perceptual identification task.

Cited by 36 publications

References 95 publications

Divided attention, aging, and priming in exemplar generation and category verification

Divided attention, aging, and priming in exemplar generation and category verification

Novelty detection and repetition suppression in a passive picture viewing task: A possible approach for the evaluation of neuropsychiatric disorders

Encoding Deselection and Long-Term Memory

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