Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Athletes

White, Russell D.; Harris, George D.; Gibson, Margaret E.

doi:10.1177/1941738113484679

Cited by 42 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Goldstein et al reported mean LD group performance one standard deviation below normative group means on assessments of vocabulary (WAIS-R Vocabulary), working memory (WAIS-R Digit Span), processing speed (WAIS-R Digit Symbol), and math skills (WAIS-R Arithmetic) (Goldstein et al 2001). In athletes, specifically, LD and ADHD are associated with significantly lower scores on measures of verbal and visual memory, slower reaction time, worse impulse control, and more executive dysfunction than athletes without these diagnoses (White et al 2014; Zuckerman et al 2013). When coupled with brain trauma, athletes with LD and ADHD who perform worse on cognitive measures at baseline then tend to take longer to recover pre-injury cognitive functioning and be cleared to return to athletic participation following concussion (Waljas et al 2015).…”

Section: Neurodevelopmental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 95%

Factors Influencing Clinical Correlates of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): a Review

et al. 2016

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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neuropathologically defined disease reportedly linked to a history of repetitive brain trauma. As such, retired collision sport athletes are likely at heightened risk for developing CTE. Researchers have described distinct pathological features of CTE as well a wide range of clinical symptom presentations, recently termed traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). These clinical symptoms are highly variable, non-specific to individuals described as having CTE pathology in case reports, and are often associated with many other factors. This review describes the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes associated with 1) developmental and demographic factors, 2) neurodevelopmental disorders, 3) normal aging, 4) adjusting to retirement, 5) drug and alcohol abuse, 6) surgeries and anesthesia, and 7) sleep difficulties, as well as the relationship between these factors and risk for developing dementia-related neurodegenerative disease. We discuss why some professional athletes may be particularly susceptible to many of these effects and the importance of choosing appropriate controls groups when designing research protocols. We conclude that these factors should be considered as modifiers predominantly of the clinical outcomes associated with repetitive brain trauma within a broader biopsychosocial framework when interpreting and attributing symptom development, though also note potential effects on neuropathological outcomes. Importantly, this could have significant treatment implications for improving quality of life.

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Section: Neurodevelopmental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 95%

Factors Influencing Clinical Correlates of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): a Review

et al. 2016

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“…The neurocognitive symptoms of ADHD, including poor concentration and memory deficits, may cause academic difficulties that could threaten the academic eligibility of collegiate athletes 22. Compared with implicit (procedural) learning and implicit memory, deficits in explicit learning and explicit memory have been reported in adults with ADHD 23.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in elite athletes: a narrative review

et al. 2019

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common brain developmental disorder in the general population that may be even more prevalent in elite athletes in certain sports. General population studies of ADHD are extensive and have reported on prevalence, symptoms, therapeutic and adverse effects of treatment and new clinical and research findings. However, few studies have reported on prevalence, symptoms and treatments of ADHD in elite athletes. This narrative review summarises the literature on symptoms, comorbidities, effects of ADHD on performance and management options for elite athletes with ADHD. The prevalence of ADHD in student athletes and elite athletes may be 7%–8%. The symptoms and characteristics of ADHD play a role in athletes’ choice of a sport career and further achieving elite status. Proper management of ADHD in elite athletes is important for safety and performance, and options include pharmacologic and psychosocial treatments.

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“…There are also other tools that can be used to help the physician in establishing this diagnosis, such as: Connor Questionnaire, NICQH Vanderbilt Assessment Tool, DM5-criteria, SNAP IV and Pelham Scale [19].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a Person with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder be an Athlete?

Vlad

Lungu

2017

Acta Medica Marisiensis

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Attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that impairs academic, social and occupational functioning in children, adolescents and adults. It is characterized by excessive activity, restlessness, and nervousness. The disease occurs in general at children before the age of 7 and usually is not easy to be detected, due to various symptoms. When the diagnosis is established the physician can prescribe two types of drugs, stimulants: amphetamine, dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, methylphenidate, and non-stimulants such as: guanfacine, atomoxetine, and clonidine. So what can be done for a person who has ADHD, and wants to be an elite athlete? Due to the rules established by the World Anti-Doping Agency the stimulant drugs are prohibited in competition and if traces of a prohibited substance are detected in the sample of blood of the athlete his access to competition can be blocked from 2-4 years, from that date of the incident. Fortunately for some athletes the disease was acute in childhood but as they grew up the symptoms were reminiscent and they could concentrate at the sporting task that was supposed to be achieved. What about those athletes that still have the symptoms? Well, they can be treated with the non-stimulant drugs, but their doctor must monthly verify if the list of prohibited drugs has been changed. In conclusion we can say that ADHD can be an impediment, but with the help of parents, teachers, and physicians the athlete can achieve very good performances.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Athletes

Cited by 42 publications

References 66 publications

Factors Influencing Clinical Correlates of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): a Review

Factors Influencing Clinical Correlates of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE): a Review

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in elite athletes: a narrative review

Can a Person with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder be an Athlete?

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