Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Association With Obesity and Eating Disorders

Ravi, Prithvi; Khan, Safeera

doi:10.7759/cureus.12085

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As reported in several reviews Nigg et al, 2016;Cortese and Tessari, 2017;Cortese, 2019;Ravi and Khan, 2020), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is strongly associated with obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear (Hanć and Cortese, 2018). ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined as a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several hypotheses can be put forward to explain this association. Obesity and associated factors lead to ADHD symptoms, ADHD and obesity share common neurobiological dysfunction, and ADHD symptoms such as impulsivity and inattention contribute to obesity, and are associated with a disruption of the circadian rhythm (Cortese and Tessari, 2017;Ravi and Khan, 2020). Ravi and Khan (2020) hypothesize the association between ADHD and obesity may be caused by disordered eating, especially binge eating (BE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity and associated factors lead to ADHD symptoms, ADHD and obesity share common neurobiological dysfunction, and ADHD symptoms such as impulsivity and inattention contribute to obesity, and are associated with a disruption of the circadian rhythm (Cortese and Tessari, 2017;Ravi and Khan, 2020). Ravi and Khan (2020) hypothesize the association between ADHD and obesity may be caused by disordered eating, especially binge eating (BE). The link between obesity and ADHD is relevant as the management of ADHD, both pharmacological (Cortese, 2020) and non-pharmacological (Nimmo-Smith et al, 2020) may improve the outcome of obesity (Cortese and Castellanos, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Do Emotion Dysregulation, Alexithymia and Personality Dimensions Explain the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Binge Eating Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates?

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Addictive-like eating and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are both common among persons seeking treatment for severe obesity. Given that ADHD and addictive-like eating, especially binge eating (BE) and food addiction (FA), are both strongly associated with personality dimensions and emotion dysregulation, it is possible emotional and personality characteristics contribute to the link between addictive-like eating behaviors and ADHD in people with severe obesity. This study aimed to investigate the psychological factors associated with BE and FA in bariatric surgery candidates, and to explore the mediational role of emotional factors (emotion dysregulation and alexithymia) and personality dimensions in the association between ADHD and BE.Method: Two hundred and eighty-two (n = 282) bariatric surgery candidates were recruited during the systematic preoperative psychiatric assessment (University Hospital of Tours, France). We assessed significant BE (Binge Eating Scale), probable adult ADHD (Wender Utah Render Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, YFAS 2.0), emotion dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20) and personality dimensions (Big Five Inventory). Mediation analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro for IBM SPSS Statistics 22.Results: Prevalence of probable adult ADHD, significant BE and FA were 8.2, 19.1, and 26.6%, respectively. Participants who screened positive for addictive-like eating showed higher prevalence of probable adult ADHD, as well as higher scores on adult and childhood ADHD symptoms. They also reported lower conscientiousness, but higher emotion dysregulation, higher alexithymia, and higher neuroticism. Only BE (as opposed to FA) was also associated with lower scores on agreeableness and openness. Analysis of the association between adult ADHD and BE suggests that emotion dysregulation, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism are total mediators and alexithymia a partial mediator.Conclusion: Our findings suggest a significant association between ADHD and addictive-like eating among bariatric surgery candidates, and also suggest a significant role of emotion dysregulation and personality dimensions in this association. For individuals with ADHD and obesity, eating may be a way to cope with negative emotions, potentially increasing the risk for addictive-like eating behavior.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Do Emotion Dysregulation, Alexithymia and Personality Dimensions Explain the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Binge Eating Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates?

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, patients suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, regardless of their age, are vulnerable to obesity and likewise, this disorder is more prevalent in obese teenagers ( 11 ). Patients with bipolar disorder are the ones who have the highest incidences of obesity and other metabolic disturbances ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersections in Neuropsychiatric and Metabolic Disorders: Possible Role of TRPA1 Channels

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) are a huge burden to the patient, their family, and society. NPDs have been greatly associated with cardio-metabolic comorbidities such as obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus, dysglycaemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular disorders. Antipsychotics, which are frontline drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia and off-label use in other NPDs, also add to this burden by causing severe metabolic perturbations. Despite decades of research, the mechanism deciphering the link between neuropsychiatric and metabolic disorders is still unclear. In recent years, transient receptor potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for modulators. TRPA1 agonists/antagonists have shown efficacy in both neuropsychiatric disorders and appetite regulation and thus provide a crucial link between both. TRPA1 channels are activated by compounds such as cinnamaldehyde, allyl isothiocyanate, allicin and methyl syringate, which are present naturally in food items such as cinnamon, wasabi, mustard, garlic, etc. As these are present in many daily food items, it could also improve patient compliance and reduce the patients’ monetary burden. In this review, we have tried to present evidence of the possible involvement of TRPA1 channels in neuropsychiatric and metabolic disorders and a possible hint towards using TRPA1 modulators to target appetite, lipid metabolism, glucose and insulin homeostasis and inflammation associated with NPDs.

show abstract

“…In contrast, low severity in the levels of ED symptoms may indicate that the impulsive symptoms of ADHD are not reflected in abnormal eating behaviors, weakening the risk of high BMI. Additionally, the interaction between ADHD and EDs in producing greater risk of high BMI may be due to the presence of the same neurophysiological circuits related to neurotransmitters such as dopamine among ADHD, EDs, and obesity (Ravi & Khan, 2020). We speculated that the increase of BMI at follow-up is assumed to be associated with some confounding variables associated with aging, which may weaken the significance of the influence of ADHD and ED symptoms on follow-up BMI in the older age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD Symptoms and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study With Abnormal Eating Behaviors as Moderating Factors

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Emerging studies have explored the possibility of ADHD and associated abnormal eating behaviors as catalysts for obesity in children and adolescents. However, results were largely inconsistent. This study aims to explore the effects of ADHD and abnormal eating behaviors (including eating disorders, emotional eating, and bedtime eating) on obesity, and to assess the moderating role of abnormal eating behaviors between ADHD symptoms and BMI in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: We recruited 546 grade 3 to 11 students and their parents by stratified random sampling from three primary schools and four middle schools in Shanghai, China. This study used parent-reported versions of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV to assess ADHD symptoms, the Eating Attitudes Test and the Children’s Eating Attitude Test to assess eating disorder (ED) symptoms, and the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire to collect information about other abnormal eating behaviors at baseline and at a follow-up survey 1 year later. Results: Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that ED played a moderating role in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and BMI in addition to age ( β = .003, p = .008). The simple slope test showed that ADHD symptoms positively correlated with BMI ofs in the older age group with a high level of ED symptoms ( β = .16, p < .001). Moreover, the baseline ED symptoms ( β = .03, p = .032) and ADHD symptoms ( β = .12, p = .015) increased the students’ BMI one year later after controlling for confounding factors. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that ADHD and ED symptoms raised the students’ BMI separately. Moreover, ADHD and ED symptoms raised the students’ BMI separately. Moreover, a combined high level of ADHD and ED symptoms is correlated with students’ high BMI in the older age group.

show abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Association With Obesity and Eating Disorders

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Do Emotion Dysregulation, Alexithymia and Personality Dimensions Explain the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Binge Eating Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates?

Do Emotion Dysregulation, Alexithymia and Personality Dimensions Explain the Association Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Binge Eating Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates?

Intersections in Neuropsychiatric and Metabolic Disorders: Possible Role of TRPA1 Channels

ADHD Symptoms and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study With Abnormal Eating Behaviors as Moderating Factors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About