Attention deficit in depressed suicide attempters

Keilp, John G.; Gorlyn, Marianne; Oquendo, María A.; Burke, Ainsley K.; Mann, J. John

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.08.020

Cited by 187 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Lower performance in suppression and restraint function of cognitive inhibition. Analyzing the studies according to the type of affective disorders, executive dysfunction with cognitive inhibition were observed in patients with major depression with a history of severe suicide attempts, 39,40 depressed patients who attempted suicide, 32,42 and depressed patients with suicidal ideations. 47 For patients with BD, more executive dysfunction and cognitive inhibition deficit was found among BD-II, compared with BD-I, patients who attempted suicide, 35 and BD-I patients with suicide attempts, compared with patients with nonsuicide attempts BD-I.…”

Section: Altered Inattention Component Of Cognitive Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal Behaviours in Affective Disorders: A Defcit of Cognitive Inhibition?

et al. 2012

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Objective: Suicide has been related to affective disorders. We hypothesized that suicide could be associated with cognitive inhibition deficit. Our study aimed to systematically review all published articles that examined the relation between cognitive inhibition deficit and suicidal behaviours (that is, suicide attempt or suicidal ideation) in patients with affective disorders. Method:We performed an English and French MEDLINE and EMBASE search, ranging from 1970 to 2010, indexed under the MeSH terms of suicide, neuropsychology, neuropsychological tests, and executive function, combined with the following title and abstract terms: neuropsychological functions, executive functioning, and executive performance.Results: Among the 164 selected studies, 9 observational studies met the selection criteria and were included in the final analysis. The number of participants ranged from 57 to 244 (28% to 66%, respectively, were men). Executive dysfunction was more frequently found among patients with suicidal behaviours. In particular, higher cognitive inhibition deficit was observed in depressed subjects with suicide behaviours, compared with depressed subjects without any suicidal behaviour. The results of the meta-analysis showed a higher impairment in inhibition score, according to the number of perseverations in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Cohen d = 0.68) than in inhibition according to the time needed to perform the TrailMaking Test part B (d = 0.01) among patients with suicidal behaviour, compared with patients with no suicidal behaviour. Conclusion:This systematic review and meta-analysis showed a positive association between cognitive inhibition deficit and suicide attempts in patients with affective disorders. Future research should examine whether cognitive inhibition deficit precedes the suicidal behaviour. W W WObjectif : Le suicide a été lié aux troubles affectifs. Nous avons émis l'hypothèse que le suicide pouvait être associé à un déficit d'inhibition cognitive. Notre étude visait à réviser systématiquement tous les articles publiés qui examinaient la relation entre le déficit d'inhibition cognitive et les comportements suicidaires (c'est-à-dire, la tentative de suicide ou l'idéation suicidaire) chez les patients souffrant de troubles affectifs.Méthode : Nous avons effectué une recherche en anglais et en français dans MEDLINE et EMBASE, de 1970 à 2010, répertoriée sous les termes MeSH suicide, neuropsychologie, tests neuropsychologiques, et fonction exécutive, combinés avec les titres et termes de résumés suivants : fonctions neuropsychologiques, fonctionnement exécutif, et rendement exécutif.

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Section: Altered Inattention Component Of Cognitive Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal Behaviours in Affective Disorders: A Defcit of Cognitive Inhibition?

et al. 2012

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“…In the first comprehensive study of cognitive performance in attempted suicide, Keilp and colleagues (10) found evidence of executive deficits in high-lethality suicide attempters, specifically on tasks requiring organization and focused effort: the Stroop interference task, the A not B task, verbal fluency task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), where suicide attempters failed to maintain cognitive set (10). Subsequent studies have found impairment in specific aspects of executive function, including attentional control (11, 15), response inhibition (14), and verbal fluency (9). However, the findings of these studies are inconclusive; their implications for the cognitive diathesis of suicide are complicated by small sample sizes, the inclusion of individuals with a distant history of suicidal behavior and depression, and especially the lack of suicide ideator control groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present case-control study aimed to examine whether executive function impairments are associated with contemplation of suicide (16), suicidal behavior (10, 11, 17), or both, in late life, above and beyond the effect of depression. Thus, we report performance on the EXIT in both suicide attempters and suicide ideators separately, compared with groups of non-suicidal depressed older adults, and older adults with no lifetime psychiatric history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Executive Function in Contemplated and Attempted Suicide in Late Life

Gujral

Dombrovski

Butters

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Objective Executive deficits may play an important role in late-life suicide. Yet, current evidence in this area is inconclusive and does not indicate whether these deficits are broadly associated with suicidal ideation or specific to suicidal behavior. This study examined global cognition and specifically executive function impairments as correlates of suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior in depressed older adults, with the goal of extending an earlier preliminary study. Design Case-control study. Setting University-affiliated psychiatric hospital. Participants All were aged 60+: 83 depressed suicide attempters, 43 depressed individuals having suicidal ideation with a specific plan, 54 non-suicidal depressed participants, and 48 older adults with no history of psychiatric disorders. Measurements Global cognitive function - Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), Executive function - Executive Interview (EXIT). Results Both suicide attempters and suicide ideators performed worse than the two comparison groups on the EXIT, with no difference between suicide attempters and suicide ideators. On the DRS total score, as well as on Memory and Attention subscales, suicide attempters and ideators and non-suicidal depressed subjects performed similarly and were impaired relative to with non-psychiatric control subjects. Controlling for education, substance use disorders, and medication exposure did not affect group differences in performance on either the EXIT or DRS. Conclusions Executive deficits, captured with a brief instrument, are associated broadly with suicidal ideation in older depressed adults but do not appear to directly facilitate suicidal behavior. Our data are consistent with the idea that different vulnerabilities may operate at different stages in the suicidal process.

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“…Plusieurs études ont mis en évidence de moins bonnes performances exécutives (inflexibilité mentale réactive et conceptuelle, diminution de la fluence verbale et des capacités de catégorisation) des suicidants en comparaison de témoins affectifs chez la personne d'âge moyen (Keilp et al, 2001 ;Keilp et al, 2008 ;Marzuk et al, 2005 ;Raust et al, 2007 ;Malloy-Diniz et al, 2009) et âgée (Dombrovski et al, 2008a ;King et al, 2000 ;McGirr et al, 2011). Les résultats sont contradictoires dans des populations de suicidants hétérogènes au plan diagnostic (Bartfai et al, 1990 ;Burton et al, 2011 ;Ellis et al, 1992).…”

Section: Neuropsychologie Des Conduites Suicidaires Les Fonctions Exéunclassified

“…Son déficit est associé chez la personne déprimée à une recrudescence de ruminations, facteur d'idées suicidaires (Morrison et O'Connor, 2008 ;Joormann et Gotlib, 2010). Un déficit de l'inhibition cognitive est suggéré chez des déprimés suicidants ou suicidaires plus jeunes (Keilp et al, 2008 ;Westheide et al, 2008 ;Harkavy-Friedman et al, 2006).…”

Section: L'inhibition Cognitiveunclassified

Le suicide de la personne âgée : existe-t-il des spécificités liées à l’âge ?

Richard‐Devantoy

Jollant

2013

smq

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Le suicide de la personne âgée pose la question de notre relation à la vieillesse et à la mort. Significativement lié à la dépression, il est relativement élevé dans cette tranche d’âge. Les conduites suicidaires de la personne âgée présentent des particularités cliniques : une intentionnalité et une létalité suicidaire élevées, peu d’antécédents personnels de conduites suicidaires et un faible niveau d’impulsivité et d’agressivité. La vulnérabilité suicidaire pourrait reposer sur des mécanismes étiopathogéniques à la fois communs et différents selon l’âge. Par exemple, il y aurait une prépondérance des facteurs développementaux précoces marqués par de l’impulsivité et de l’agressivité chez l’adolescent et le jeune adulte ; chez l’adulte âgé, il y aurait un vieillissement pathologique. Des déficits neurocognitifs similaires conduisent le sujet à ne pas pouvoir répondre adéquatement à son environnement, différent selon l’âge. La comparaison directe des sujets jeunes et âgés est nécessaire pour comprendre la genèse de la vulnérabilité suicidaire. Nous conclurons cet article avec un résumé des principes de reconnaissance et de prise en charge du risque suicidaire.Suicide in the elderly raises the question of our relationship with aging and death. Suicide rate is relatively high in this group and is significantly related to depression widely under-diagnosed in the elderly. Suicidal behaviour in the elderly has clinical specificities including high intentionality and lethality, usually little personal history of suicidal behaviour and low levels of impulsivity—aggression. Suicidal vulnerability could rely on etiopathogenic mechanisms both common and different according to age; for example, a preponderance of early developmental factors and impulsivity-aggression in adolescents and young adults vs. pathological aging in older adults, but partly similar neurocognitive deficits leading individuals not to respond adequately to their environment (itself different with age). Direct comparisons between elderly and younger subjects would be required. The article concludes with a summary of the principles of recognition and management of suicide risk

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Attention deficit in depressed suicide attempters

Cited by 187 publications

References 57 publications

Suicidal Behaviours in Affective Disorders: A Defcit of Cognitive Inhibition?

Suicidal Behaviours in Affective Disorders: A Defcit of Cognitive Inhibition?

Impaired Executive Function in Contemplated and Attempted Suicide in Late Life

Le suicide de la personne âgée : existe-t-il des spécificités liées à l’âge ?

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