To defend against fake news, researchers have developed various methods based on texts. These methods can be grouped as 1) patternbased methods, which focus on shared patterns among fake news posts rather than the claim itself; and 2) fact-based methods, which retrieve from external sources to verify the claim's veracity without considering patterns. The two groups of methods, which have different preferences of textual clues, actually play complementary roles in detecting fake news. However, few works consider their integration. In this paper, we study the problem of integrating patternand fact-based models into one framework via modeling their preference differences, i.e., making the pattern-and fact-based models focus on respective preferred parts in a post and mitigate interference from non-preferred parts as possible. To this end, we build a Preference-aware Fake News Detection Framework (Pref-FEND), which learns the respective preferences of pattern-and fact-based models for joint detection. We first design a heterogeneous dynamic graph convolutional network to generate the respective preference maps, and then use these maps to guide the joint learning of patternand fact-based models for final prediction. Experiments on two realworld datasets show that Pref-FEND effectively captures model preferences and improves the performance of models based on patterns, facts, or both.
CCS CONCEPTS• Information systems → Data mining; • Computing methodologies → Natural language processing.