Attention please: Evaluative priming effects in a valent/non-valent categorisation task (reply to Werner &amp; Rothermund, 2013)

Spruyt, Adriaan

doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.832653

Cited by 12 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In Werner and Rothermund (2013), no evaluative congruency effect emerged with the valent/neutral-categorization task, despite the fact that valence is a relevant feature in this task, thereby implying that attention allocation to the valence dimension is not sufficient to guarantee encoding facilitation for valence-congruent targets. Spruyt (2014) and Rothermund and Werner (2014) continued to argue for and against the possibility of finding evaluative priming effects in the valent/neutral-categorization task, respectively, before reported an evaluative congruency effect in the task with an experimental setup that closely resembled the task that was used by Werner and Rothermund (2013). In trying to identify the reason for this discrepancy in findings, researchers of both groups agreed that one possibly crucial difference between these two studies was the material used.…”

Section: Associations In Evaluative Primingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Does sunshine prime loyal … or summer? Effects of associative relatedness on the evaluative priming effect in the valent/neutral categorisation task

Werner

Ramin

Spruyt

et al. 2017

Cognition and Emotion

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After 30 years of research, the mechanisms underlying the evaluative priming effect are still a topic of debate. In this study, we tested whether the evaluative priming effect can result from (uncontrolled) associative relatedness rather than evaluative congruency. Stimuli that share the same evaluative connotation are more likely to show some degree of non-evaluative associative relatedness than stimuli that have a different evaluative connotation. Therefore, unless associative relatedness is explicitly controlled for, evaluative priming effects reported in earlier research may be driven by associative relatedness instead of evaluative relatedness. To address this possibility, we performed an evaluative priming study in which evaluative congruency and associative relatedness were manipulated independently from each other. The valent/neutral categorization task was used to ensure evaluative stimulus processing in the absence of response priming effects. Results showed an effect of associative relatedness but no (overall) effect of evaluative congruency. Our findings highlight the importance of controlling for associative relatedness when testing for evaluative priming effects.(160 words)

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Section: Associations In Evaluative Primingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Does sunshine prime loyal … or summer? Effects of associative relatedness on the evaluative priming effect in the valent/neutral categorisation task

Werner

Ramin

Spruyt

et al. 2017

Cognition and Emotion

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“…The specific version of the EPT that was used in the present research is known to be sensitive to variations in the extent to which participants adopt an explicit evaluative processing goal (Spruyt 2014;Spruyt et al 2012Spruyt et al , 2009Spruyt et al , 2007a. Therefore, given that the IAT involves explicit evaluative judgments, the EPT was always administered first.…”

Section: Apparatus and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit attitudes towards smoking predict long-term relapse in abstinent smokers

et al. 2015

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Rationale It has previously been argued that implicit attitudes toward substance-related cues drive addictive behavior. Nevertheless, it remains an open question whether behavioral markers of implicit attitude activation can be used to predict long-term relapse. Objectives The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between implicit attitudes toward smokingrelated cues and long-term relapse in abstaining smokers. Methods Implicit attitudes toward smoking-related cues were assessed by means of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the evaluative priming task (EPT). Both measures were completed by a group of smokers who volunteered to quit smoking (patient group) and a group of nonsmokers (control group). Participants in the patient group completed these measures twice: once prior to smoking cessation and once after smoking cessation. Relapse was assessed by means of short telephone survey, 6 months after completion of the second test session.Results EPT scores obtained prior to smoking cessation were related to long-term relapse and correlated with self-reported nicotine dependence as well as daily cigarette consumption. In contrast, none of the behavioral outcome measures were found to correlate with the IAT scores. Conclusions These findings corroborate the idea that implicit attitudes toward substance-related cues are critically involved in long-term relapse. A potential explanation for the divergent findings obtained with the IAT and EPT is provided.

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“…It thus remains an open question whether a more traditional manipulation of FSAA (i.e., selective attention or stimulus valence vs. selective attention for a neutral stimulus dimension) might impact automatic stimulus evaluation as measured by the AMP. Accordingly, we ran two experiments in which the AMP was used to capture automatic stimulus evaluation under conditions that, consistent with our earlier studies, either promoted selective attention for the evaluative stimulus dimension or a non-evaluative stimulus dimension (e.g., Everaert et al, 2013;Spruyt, 2014;Spruyt et al, 2007Spruyt et al, , 2009Spruyt et al, , 2012. Similar to Spruyt et al (2007), participants performed either the standard AMP or were asked to decide whether the target Chinese ideograph referred to an animal or an object (Experiment 1), or a human or animal (Experiment 2).…”

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“…Similarly, Everaert, Spruyt, Rossi, De Houwer, and Pourtois (2014) showed that EEG correlates of early orienting responses towards rare, emotional stimuli were larger when the evaluative stimulus dimension was selectively attended to as compared to when a non-emotional stimulus dimension was selectively attended to. In sum, FSAA seems to modulate the very process of automatic 1 There is currently an intense debate concerning the question whether effects in the standard evaluative priming paradigm can arise in the absence of overlap between the response set and the prime set (see Becker;& Spruyt, in press;Klauer, Becker, & Spruyt, in press;Werner & Rothermund, 2013;Rothermund & Werner, 2014;Spruyt, 2014;Spruyt & Tibboel, 2015). Crucially, this discussion concerns the mechanism(s) that translate the outcome of the prime-evaluation process into an observable effect (e.g., response compatibility, encoding facilitation, etc.…”

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Effects in the Affect Misattribution Procedure Are Modulated by Feature-Specific Attention Allocation

2016

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Abstract. We examined whether automatic stimulus evaluation as measured by the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) is moderated by the degree to which attention is assigned to the evaluative stimulus dimension (i.e., feature-specific attention allocation, FSAA). In two experiments, one group of participants completed a standard AMP while attending to evaluative stimulus information. A second group of participants completed the AMP while attending to non-evaluative stimulus information. In line with earlier work, larger AMP effects were observed when participants were encouraged to attend to evaluative stimulus information than when they were not. These observations support the idea that the impact of FSAA on measures of automatic stimulus evaluation results from a genuine change in the degree of automatic stimulus evaluation rather than a change in the degree to which automatic stimulus evaluation is picked up by these measures.

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Attention please: Evaluative priming effects in a valent/non-valent categorisation task (reply to Werner & Rothermund, 2013)

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Does sunshine prime loyal … or summer? Effects of associative relatedness on the evaluative priming effect in the valent/neutral categorisation task

Does sunshine prime loyal … or summer? Effects of associative relatedness on the evaluative priming effect in the valent/neutral categorisation task

Implicit attitudes towards smoking predict long-term relapse in abstinent smokers

Effects in the Affect Misattribution Procedure Are Modulated by Feature-Specific Attention Allocation

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