Attentional engagement with and disengagement from food cues in Anorexia Nervosa

Jonker, Nienke C.; Glashouwer, Klaske A.; Hoekzema, Albert; Ostafin, Brian D.; Jong, Peter J. de

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.01.003

Cited by 22 publications

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“…All participants received 10 euros as compensation for participating in the study. The current paper reports data from a larger study on reward and punishment sensitivity (see also [35]), and the SOT was the last of five computer tasks in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heightened self-reported punishment sensitivity, but no differential attention to cues signaling punishment or reward in anorexia nervosa

et al. 2020

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This study examined whether adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) are more sensitive to punishment and less sensitive to reward than a non-eating disorder comparison group. Both self-report and performance measures were used to index reward and punishment sensitivity. Participants were adolescents with AN (n = 69) and an individually matched comparison group with healthy weight (n = 69). They completed the Behavioral Inhibition Scale/Behavioral Activation Scale and the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire to index self-reported reward and punishment sensitivity, and performed the Spatial Orientation Task to index attention to cues signaling reward and punishment. There was extremely strong evidence (BF 10 > 100), that adolescents with AN reported higher sensitivity to punishment than adolescents without an eating disorder. However, adolescents with AN did not differ from the comparison group on self-reported reward sensitivity, and attention to cues signaling reward or punishment. Adolescents with AN clearly show heightened punishment sensitivity, yet this was not paralleled by a heightened proneness to detect signals of punishment. An important next step would be to examine whether punishment sensitivity is a reliable risk factor for the development or maintenance of AN.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heightened self-reported punishment sensitivity, but no differential attention to cues signaling punishment or reward in anorexia nervosa

et al. 2020

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“…This permits separate assessment of the degree to which target stimuli presented distally from initial attentional focus selectively capture attention (thereby measuring bias in attentional engagement with such stimuli), and the degree to which target stimuli presented proximal to initial attentional focus selectively hold attention (thereby measuring bias in attentional disengagement from such stimuli). The capacity of this task to separately assess biased attentional engagement and biased attentional disengagement has been confirmed in prior studies investigating the contribution of each type of bias to variation in general ruminative disposition , anxiety vulnerability (Grafton & MacLeod, 2014;Rudaizky et al, 2014), and Anorexia Nervosa (Jonker, Glashouwer, Hoekzema, Ostafin, & de Jong, 2019).…”

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confidence: 61%

“…While 500 ms is the most widely used stimulus exposure duration, it permits the operation of both automatic and controlled patterns of attentional selectivity (Holender, 1986;Mogg, Bradley, & Williams, 1995). In order to distinguish automatic from controlled processing, some previous implementations of the ARDPEI task have employed exposure durations as short as 100 ms (Jonker et al, 2019), and as long as 1000 ms (Grafton et al, 2016). By comparing the outcomes obtained when future variants of the present study employ stimuli exposure durations of 100, 500, and 1000 ms, it will become possible to determine whether the increased attentional engagement with thin-ideal bodies presently found to characterise heightened body dissatisfaction is driven by automatic or controlled attentional processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Latencies to make correct responses to the target probe under the differing conditions of the ARDPEI task were used to compute two indices of attentional bias, each reflecting increased attention to thin-ideal bodies relative to non-thin bodies, but one representing increased attentional engagement with thin-ideal bodies relative to non-thin bodies presented distally from initial attentional focus, and the other representing reduced attentional disengagement from thin-ideal bodies relative to non-thin bodies presented proximally to initial attentional focus. Before computing the two attentional bias scores, probe discrimination latencies that fell further than 2.58 standard deviations from the participant's mean probe discrimination latency for each experimental condition were eliminated, in line with previous practice (Grafton & MacLeod, 2014;Jonker et al, 2019;Rudaizky et al, 2014). Finally, probe discrimination latencies that were < 200 ms (i.e., anticipation errors) were also excluded.…”

Section: Calculation Of Attentional Engagement and Disengagement Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A serial mediation model of attentional engagement with thin bodies on body dissatisfaction: The role of appearance comparisons and rumination

et al. 2021

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The present study examined the associations among biased attentional responding to thinideal bodies, appearance comparisons, eating disorder-specific rumination, and body dissatisfaction. Sixty-seven females completed an attentional task capable of independently assessing biased attentional engagement with, and biased attentional disengagement from, images of thin-ideal bodies relative to images of non-thin bodies. Self-report measures of the other relevant constructs were also taken. Results revealed that a heightened tendency to engage in appearance comparisons was predicted by increased attentional engagement with thin-ideal bodies but not by impaired attentional disengagement from thin-ideal bodies. Moreover, a serial mediation analysis revealed that increased attentional engagement with thin-ideal bodies was associated with greater appearance comparison, which in turn was associated with greater eating disorder-specific rumination and consequently greater body dissatisfaction. The current findings suggest that increased attentional engagement with thin-ideal bodies might represent a pathway to body dissatisfaction, mediated by greater appearance comparison and eating-disorder specific rumination. The majority of Australian women (86.9%) report some level of dissatisfaction with their weight and shape (Mond et al., 2013). This is particularly concerning given that body dissatisfaction is a core contributor to the emergence of eating disorders (Stice, Gau, Rohde, & Shaw, 2017; Stice, Marti, & Durant, 2011; Stice & Shaw, 2002). Internalisation of contemporary society's idealisation of thinness has been identified as a potent vulnerability factor for body dissatisfaction (Cafri, Yamamiya, Brannick, & Thompson, 2006; Thompson & Stice, 2001). As a consequence, researchers have been increasingly motivated to understand the cognitive factors that contribute to such dissatisfaction. One influential hypothesis is that cognitive biases, that operate to increase selectively processing of appearance-related stimuli representing the thin-ideal, may play a role in the onset and/or maintenance of body dissatisfaction (Jiang & Vartanian, 2016; Rodgers & DuBois, 2016). Previous research has shown an association between an attentional bias to thin-ideal stimuli and body dissatisfaction in community samples of women (

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confidence: 99%

Visual attention to food cues and the course of anorexia nervosa

Jonker

Glashouwer

Ostafin

et al. 2020

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Previously, adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) showed reduced attentional engagement with food cues compared to adolescents without eating disorder (Jonker, Glashouwer, Hoekzema, Ostafin, & De Jong, 2019). This study tested whether (i) improvement in eating disorder symptoms and BMI are related to an increase in attentional engagement with food, and whether (ii) relatively low attentional engagement is related to persistent AN symptomatology, in the same sample of adolescents with AN (N = 69) from the study of Jonker et al. (2019). Eating disorder symptoms, BMI, and attention for food cues were measured during baseline and at one year follow-up. Adolescents with AN showed a substantial improvement in symptoms and BMI. However, their low attentional engagement with food cues remained unchanged. Change in attentional engagement with food was not related to change in symptoms, nor was low baseline attentional engagement with food predictive of symptom persistence. These findings indicate that improvement in AN symptoms does not seem to require an increase in attentional engagement with food.

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Attentional engagement with and disengagement from food cues in Anorexia Nervosa

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Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Heightened self-reported punishment sensitivity, but no differential attention to cues signaling punishment or reward in anorexia nervosa

Heightened self-reported punishment sensitivity, but no differential attention to cues signaling punishment or reward in anorexia nervosa

A serial mediation model of attentional engagement with thin bodies on body dissatisfaction: The role of appearance comparisons and rumination

Visual attention to food cues and the course of anorexia nervosa

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