Attentional Preference and Experience: III. Visual Familiarity and Looking Time

Greenberg, David J.

doi:10.1080/00221325.1970.10533942

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In contrast to the discrepancy hypothesis, some groups of subjects looked less, rather than more, at moderate discrepancies relative to the standard. Others have reported that infants younger than those used here sometimes look less at a single novel stimulus than at a familiar event (Carpenter, Tecce, Stechler, & Friedman, 1970;Curcio, 1969;Fantz, 1964;Greenberg et al, 1970;Uzgiris & Hunt, 1970;Weizmann et al, 1971). A speculative hypothesis is that infants avoid long fixations of stimuli that are moderately discrepant from memory engrams that are still somewhat immature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Encoding and retrieval of perceptual memories after long-term familiarization and the infant's response to discrepancy.

McCall

1973

Developmental Psychology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Encoding and retrieval of perceptual memories after long-term familiarization and the infant's response to discrepancy.

McCall

1973

Developmental Psychology

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“…The analysis revealed a main effect of age, F (1, 62) = 5.533, p = .0001, η 2 = .082, such that younger infants looked longer than older infants, a typical finding in looking time studies (Greenberg, Uzgiris, & Hunt, ; Wetherford & Cohen, ). Furthermore, a main effect of stimulus, F (1,62) = 4.151, p = .046, η 2 = .63, such that infants looked longer to the song than to the speech stimulus, and a main effect of language were found, F (1, 62) = 147.137, p = .0001, η 2 = .704, such that infants looked longer overall to Russian than to English stimuli.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Infants Prefer Infant‐Directed Song Over Speech

2016

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In their everyday communication, parents do not only speak but also sing with their infants. However, it remains unclear whether infants' can discriminate speech from song or prefer one over the other. The present study examined the ability of 6- to 10-month-old infants (N = 66) from English-speaking households in London, Ontario, Canada to discriminate between auditory stimuli of native Russian-speaking and native English-speaking mothers speaking or singing to their infants. Infants listened significantly longer to the sung stimuli compared to the spoken stimuli. This is the first study to demonstrate that, even in the absence of other multimodal cues, infant listeners are able to discriminate between sung and spoken stimuli, and furthermore, prefer to listen to sung stimuli over spoken stimuli.

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“…Familiarity preferences have been reported repeatedly since the early 1970s (e.g. Greenberg, Uzgiris & Hunt, 1970; Rose, Gottfried, Mellow‐Carminar & Bridger, 1982; Wetherford & Cohen, 1973). As we mentioned previously, Hunter and Ames (1988) provide an excellent summary of this older literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How infants process addition and subtraction events

Cohen

Marks

2002

Developmental Science

135

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Three experiments are described that assess 5-month-old infants' processing of addition and subtraction events similar to those reported by Wynn (1992a). In Experiment 1, prior to each test trial, one group of infants was shown an addition event (1 + 1) while another group was shown a subtraction event (2 − 1). On test trials, all infants were shown outcomes of 0, 1, 2 and 3. The results seemed to require one of two dual-process models. One such model assumed that the infants could add and subtract but also had a tendency to look longer when more items were on the stage. The other model assumed that infants had a preference for familiarity along with the tendency to look longer when more items were on the stage. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the assumptions made by these two models. In Experiment 2, infants were given only the test trials they had received in Experiment 1. Thus, no addition and subtraction or familiarity was involved. In Experiment 3 infants were familiarized to either one or two items prior to each test trial, but experienced no actual addition or subtraction. The results of these two experiments support the familiarity plus more items to look at model more than the addition and subtraction plus more items to look at model. Taken together, these three experiments shed doubt on Wynn's (1992a) assertion that 5-month-old infants can add and subtract. Instead they indicate the importance of familiarity preferences and the fact that one should be cautious before assuming that young infants have sophisticated numerical abilities.

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Attentional Preference and Experience: III. Visual Familiarity and Looking Time

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Encoding and retrieval of perceptual memories after long-term familiarization and the infant's response to discrepancy.

Encoding and retrieval of perceptual memories after long-term familiarization and the infant's response to discrepancy.

Infants Prefer Infant‐Directed Song Over Speech

How infants process addition and subtraction events

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