Attentional Processes in Skill Learning and Expert Performance

Abernethy, Bruce; Maxwell, Jonathon P.; Masters, Rich S. W.; Kamp, John van der; Jackson, Robin C.

doi:10.1002/9781118270011.ch11

Cited by 91 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…The modulation of physiological parameters can be used to control and increase performance. For example, heart rate (increase and decrease) has been studied in relation to the cognitive processes involved in motor performance 18 . Lacey and Lacey 19 have developed a theory called "stimulus intake/rejection": the stimulus intake, which corresponds to a state of focused attention on external stimuli, is associated with a heart rate decrease; on the contrary, a state of focused attention on internal stimuli is followed by a heart rate increase.…”

Section: Psychophysiological Monitoring Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rhythm was also studied as a marker of resources allocation during motor programming 32 . Beta oscillation (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30),on the other hand, has a central position in the treatment of sensorimotor information and serves as a functional link between different brain regions such as the pre-motor, motor (M1), and somatosensory (S1) cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the cerebellum 31 . Beta oscillation could play the role of a motor "binding" linking the different commands related to a global gesture as suggested for sensory awareness 30 .…”

Section: Electroencephalography and Cortical Activity In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Optimization in Sport: A Psychophysiological Approach

Fronso¹,

Robazza²,

Bortoli³

et al. 2017

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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-In the last 20 years, there was a growing interest in the study of the theoretical and applied issues surrounding psychophysiological processes underlying performance. The psychophysiological monitoring, which enables the study of these processes, consists of the assessment of the activation and functioning level of the organism using a multidimensional approach. In sport, it can be used to attain a better understanding of the processes underlying athletic performance and to improve it. The most frequently used ecological techniques include electromyography (EMG), electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), and the assessment of electrodermal activity and breathing rhythm. The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview of the use of these techniques in applied interventions in sport and physical exercise and to give athletes, coaches and sport psychology experts new insights for performance improvement.

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Section: Psychophysiological Monitoring Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electroencephalography and Cortical Activity In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Optimization in Sport: A Psychophysiological Approach

Fronso¹,

Robazza²,

Bortoli³

et al. 2017

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If I hadn't focused on it [the PSR], I would have focused on my swing technique or where the ball needed to go…which wasn't good". He also noted that by the end of the season the PSR had begun to encourage automaticity of his skill execution that in time, should encourage a higher standard of performance under pressure (Abernethy, Maxwell, Masters, Van Der Kamp, & Jackson, 2007).…”

Section: End Of Season Reflection (Late September)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviation of Choking Under Pressure in Elite Golf: An Action Research Study

Hill

Hanton

Matthews

et al. 2011

The Sport Psychologist

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The study examined the effect of an evidence-based intervention on choking in golf. It is informed by the work of Hill, Hanton, Matthews and Fleming (2010a) that explored the experiences of elite golfers who either choked or excelled under pressure. The perceptions of elite golf coaches who worked with both 'chokers' and those who excelled, were also considered. It revealed that choking may be alleviated through the use of process goals, cognitive restructuring, imagery, simulated training and a pre/postshot routine. The present study incorporated each strategy into an intervention that was introduced to two professional golfers (aged 22) who choked under pressure regularly. Through an action research framework the impact of the intervention was evaluated over a ten month period via qualitative methods. The results indicated the intervention alleviated the participants' choking episodes and so provides information that can be of use to practitioners working with golfers who choke.Choking in sport is a term used to describe an acute performance breakdown (Clark, Tofler, & Lardon, 2005), such as that experienced by Greg Norman in the 1996 Masters golf event, when he inextricably lost by five shots despite leading the final round by six. Or that endured by Jana Novotna, whose performance in the 1993 Wimbledon final deteriorated to such an extent that she became, "unrecognisable… [as] an elite tennis player" (Gladwell, 2000, p. 84). However, despite its prevalence and detrimental impact on performance, choking has been subjected to limited research attention until recently (see Beilock & Gray, 2007). Hill, Hanton, Fleming, and Matthews (2009) define choking as, "a process whereby the individual perceives their resources are insufficient to meet the demands of the situation, and concludes with a significant drop in performance -a choke" (p. 206). However, Mesagno and Mullane-Grant (2010) proposed an alternative definition that they claim provides a more appropriate foundation for future choking research. It states that choking is a, "critical deterioration in skill execution, leading to substandard performance that is caused by an elevation in anxiety levels under perceived pressure, at a time when successful outcome is normally attainable by the athlete" (p. 343). Yet, it remains unclear whether this definition is suitable, as the choke differs from a substandard performance (Gucciardi, Longbottom, Jackson, & Dimmock, 2010;Hill, Hanton, Matthews, & Fleming, 2010b) and appears to be initiated by the athlete's negative interpretation of their anxiety, rather than its elevated levels per se (Gucciardi et al., 2010;Otton, 2009). As such, the definition of choking presented by Hill et al. (2009) may provide currently the most fitting framework for researchers and practitioners to work within.Despite on-going debate regarding the definition, it is agreed that choking is the result of attentional disturbances caused by self-focus and/or 'distraction' (see Beilock & Gray, 2007). Self-focus theories suggest that choking occ...

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“…Brown, Bennett, 2002). For now, it may be presumed that practice indeed automatized task execution and hence resulted in making more attentional resources available (see also Abernethy et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that with practice, a task, or at least some of its components, become automatic so that less conscious, or goal-directed, control is required for task execution (Abernethy et al, 2007). This freeing of attention can already be achieved by repetitive practice of the task or one its essential components (Brown, 1998(Brown, , 2008Brown, Bennett, 2002), and may be accelerated by limiting the amount of declarative task-relevant knowledge that is accumulated during practice (Jackson, Farrow, 2005;Masters, 1992).…”

Section: Automatization and Attenuation Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efeitos de estresse e treino na latência e acurácia de respostas motoras a estímulos visuais.

Navarro¹

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Attentional Processes in Skill Learning and Expert Performance

Cited by 91 publications

References 147 publications

Performance Optimization in Sport: A Psychophysiological Approach

Performance Optimization in Sport: A Psychophysiological Approach

Alleviation of Choking Under Pressure in Elite Golf: An Action Research Study

Efeitos de estresse e treino na latência e acurácia de respostas motoras a estímulos visuais.

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