Attentional processing biases to threat in schizophrenia: Evidence from a free-viewing task with emotional scenes

Navalón, Pablo; Perea, Manuel; Benavent, Pilar; Sierra, Pilar; Domı́nguez, Alberto; Iranzo, Carmen; Serrano-Lozano, Elena; Almansa, Belén; García‐Blanco, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.044

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Gaze duration reflect attentional engagement. These findings are congruent with previous studies, demonstrating an attentional engagement and maintenance bias toward threat-related stimuli [ 33 , 34 ]. Heightened attentional maintenance to threat has been shown to be associated with the severity of schizophrenia [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Consistent with prior studies, both patient groups showed a higher percentage of total fixations and total duration towards threatening scenes compared to controls, indicating an attentional bias towards threatening scenes in schizophrenia [ 32 ]. Moreover, two patient groups also showed higher gaze duration on threatening scenes [ 33 , 34 ]. According to previous theories, the percentage of total fixations and total duration reflect attentional maintenance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two measurements assessed allocation of attention were as follows: (1) the percentage of total fixations (i.e., percentage of times that each subject fixated, and refixated, on a particular target image); and (2) the percentage of total duration (i.e., percentage of fixation time attending to each target image). In addition, three measurements were employed to assess subsequent attentional engagement as follows: (1) first-pass fixations (i.e., the sum of fixations made on the image when looking at it for the first time, before fixating away from it); (2) percentage of first fixation (i.e., percentage of times that the first fixation lands on the image); and (3) gaze duration (sum of fixation duration made on the target image when looking at it for the first time) [ 32 , 33 ]. All measures were averaged across the trials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is game-based therapy effective for treating cognitive deficits in adults with schizophrenia? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial

Wang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Transl Psychiatry

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Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are a major contributor to poor functional outcomes and everyday functioning, making them a promising therapeutic target. Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of digital interventions, such as game-based therapy, targeting various domains of cognition to treat mental disorders. Game-based digital interventions have been suggested to have therapeutic value in health care for people with schizophrenia. To support this idea, a novel, online training program (Komori Life) that targets cognitive deficits in schizophrenia was tested for feasibility of use and initial efficiency. Inpatients with schizophrenia were randomized to complete 20 sessions of either Komori Life (N = 40 completers) or treatment as usual (N = 40 completers). Cognitive and clinical assessments were performed at enrollment and after completion of the training intervention for all patients. In addition, 32 healthy volunteers were recruited as controls, and an eye-tracking paradigm was employed to assess attentional biases to emotional information before and after game intervention for all subjects. The results showed that there were no group differences in cognitive or clinical assessments at baseline between the two patient groups. After game training, there were still no group × time interactions on cognitive or clinical assessment scores. Regarding eye movement measurements, both patient groups showed increased attention to threatening stimuli compared to healthy controls in terms of attentional maintenance at baseline. After game training, the game training group revealed greater improvement in attentional bias towards threatening scenes (decreased percentage of total duration and percentage of total fixations towards threatening stimuli) relative to the treatment as usual group. Moreover, our results partially indicated that training effectiveness was associated with cognitive improvement and that heightened attentional maintenance to threats was associated with worse cognitive performance. This study provides initial evidence that a remote, online cognitive training program is feasible and effective in improving cognitive function in schizophrenia. This form of training may serve as a complementary therapy to existing psychiatric care. Clinical trial registration: the trial is registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2100048403.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is game-based therapy effective for treating cognitive deficits in adults with schizophrenia? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial

Wang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Transl Psychiatry

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“…Furthermore, particularly in psychotic disorders, increased experiences of suspiciousness can be triggered by external stressors [133,134]. These experiences can interact with altered cognitive processes, such as heightened attention and prolonged fixation on threatening cues and negative information [114,[135][136][137], reduced cognitive flexibility [138], working memory deficits [139], over-general autobiographical memory [140], reduced memory specificity and richness of detail [141], and other negative affective states (e.g., social anxiety, generalized anxiety, depressive mood) [142]. Notably, the tendency to attend to perceived threatening stimuli and make spurious associations between coincidental thoughts and environmental cues [143] may further perpetuate the cycle of fixated thoughts related to delusional ideas.…”

Section: Suspiciousness and Paranoiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumination as a Transdiagnostic Phenomenon in the 21st Century: The Flow Model of Rumination

et al. 2023

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Rumination and its related mental phenomena share associated impairments in cognition, such as executive functions and attentional processes across different clinical conditions (e.g., in psychotic disorders). In recent decades, however, the notion of rumination has been increasingly narrowed to the “self-focused” type in depressive disorders. A closer review of the literature shows that rumination may be construed as a broader process characterized by repetitive thoughts about certain mental contents that interfere with one’s daily activities, not only limited to those related to “self”. A further examination of the construct of rumination beyond the narrowly focused depressive rumination would help expand intervention opportunities for mental disorders in today’s context. We first review the development of the clinical construct of rumination with regard to its historical roots and its roles in psychopathology. This builds the foundation for the introduction of the “Flow Model of Rumination (FMR)”, which conceptualizes rumination as a disruption of a smooth flow of mental contents in conscious experience that depends on the coordinated interactions between intention, memory, affect, and external events. The conceptual review concludes with a discussion of the impact of rapid technological advances (such as smartphones) on rumination. Particularly in contemporary societies today, a broader consideration of rumination not only from a cognition viewpoint, but also incorporating a human–device interaction perspective, is necessitated. The implications of the FMR in contemporary mental health practice are discussed.

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“…Cognitive biases affect several cognitive domains, including decision‐making/reasoning, attention, motivation, memory recall, and style of attribution of meaning (Beck et al., 2011). Increasing numbers of studies have been reporting cognitive biases that contribute to cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia, and cognitive bias and cognitive impairments appear to produce reciprocal deterioration and worsen disability (Frydecka et al., 2022; Hu et al., 2022; Navalón et al., 2021; Tang et al., 2022). Accordingly, assessing cognitive bias in patients with schizophrenia may enable the cognitive performance of patients with schizophrenia to be improved, thus improving their prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a modified Chinese‐language version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (MCL‐DACOBS) in a sample of Chinese patients with schizophrenia

Chen

Tian

et al. 2023

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionThe Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) is widely used to assess cognitive biases in patients who have schizophrenia. However, the lack of a modified Chinese‐language version of the DACOBS (MCL‐DACOBS) precludes Chinese schizophrenic patients from treatment aimed at normalizing cognitive biases, impacting their prognosis. Here, we aimed to produce a DACOBS for China and test the validity and reliability of the resultant MCL‐DACOBS.MethodsEighteen researchers collaborated to develop the MCL‐DACOBS: A total of 15 researchers modified and translated the English version of the DACOBS, 1 native‐English‐speaking researcher back‐translated the scale, and 2 Chinese sinologists localized and optimized the language of the MCL‐DACOBS. Forty‐two volunteers checked the scale items’ comprehensibility, and the two sinologists performed further localization and optimization based on their feedback. The final version of the MCL‐DACOBS used in this study was thus derived from the harmonized English‐language version of the scale. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to examine the best latent structure of the MCL‐DACOBS. Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to check the reliability. The discriminative ability of the MCL‐DACOBS was assessed according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsThe CFA showed that all items loaded onto factors with loadings >0.400. A two‐factor structure showed a good model fit (root mean square error of approximation = .018, Tucker–Lewis index = .978, comparative fit index = .984). Promax rotation demonstrated that each item had a high factor load (0.432–0.774). Cronbach's α coefficient and ICC for the MCL‐DOCABS were .965 and .957, respectively, indicating that the scale has ideal reliability.ConclusionThe MCL‐DACOBS has good validity and good reliability, and its psychometric properties indicate that it is a valid tool for measuring cognitive biases in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

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Attentional processing biases to threat in schizophrenia: Evidence from a free-viewing task with emotional scenes

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Is game-based therapy effective for treating cognitive deficits in adults with schizophrenia? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial

Is game-based therapy effective for treating cognitive deficits in adults with schizophrenia? Evidence from a randomized controlled trial

Rumination as a Transdiagnostic Phenomenon in the 21st Century: The Flow Model of Rumination

Validation of a modified Chinese‐language version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (MCL‐DACOBS) in a sample of Chinese patients with schizophrenia

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