Attenuation of glycation and biochemical aberrations in fructose‐loaded rats by polyphenol‐rich ethyl acetate fraction of Parkia biglobosa (jacq.) Benth. (Mimosaceae) leaves

Abstract

Background Different parts of the Parkia biglobosa plant are employed in traditional medicine in different African communities. However, information ratifying its use and biochemical influence on health is still scanty in literature. Thus, the present study assessed the influence of the ethyl acetate fraction of Parkia biglobosa leaves (EAFPB) on some biochemical parameters of sub-chronic fructose-loaded rats. Methodology Twenty-five Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (n = 5). The normal control group was maintained on normal diet only while the high fructose solution (HFS) control (placebo), reference and treatment groups received high fructose solution (3 g/kg/d b.w of fructose) for 30 days before treatment. Based on pilot study, two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg/d b.w) of EAFPB were selected and were administered to two groups of test animals while the reference group received 300 mg/kg/d b.w. of metformin for 14 days. Thereafter, blood was collected from fasted animals for biochemical analyses for the examination of level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), liver status (alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and bilirubin level), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low- and high-density lipoproteins levels) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde – MDA level). Results EAFPB was shown to have a good DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 0.395 mg/ml). Chromatographic analysis of EAFPB revealed 28 known flavonoids (mainly kaempferol (21.31 mg/100 g), quercetin (12.84 mg/100 g), and luteolin (6.75 mg/100 g)), four hydrocinnamic acids derivatives (mainly P-coumaric acid (6.73 mg/100 g)), and 11 phenolic acids derivatives (mainly chlorogenic acid (48.18 mg/100 g) and protocatechuic acid (21.58 mg/100 g)). Relative to normal control, it was observed that fructose overload significantly increased serum activities of ALP, ALT, and AST, and levels of MDA, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride in placebo. However, EAFPB significantly tapered the elevated serum activities of ALP, ALT, and AST. In addition, relative to placebo, the increased levels of HbA1c, MDA, and lipid health markers were also rebated by EAFPB. Conclusions Ethyl acetate fraction of Parkia biglobosa leaves attenuates biochemical aberrations in fructose-loaded rats, an effect attributable to the rich store of polyphenolic compounds in the fraction. Graphical abstract

Glycemic and Biochemical Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Parkia biglobosa Leaves in Wistar rats Experimentally Induced with Diabetes

“…Our earlier study had shown the beneficial effect of this fraction (PBF) in attenuating biochemical aberrations in high fructose-loaded rats as well as its rich polyphenolic profile as detected using Gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector. 15 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay measures the free radical-quenching capability of various antioxidant compounds while the FRAP assay measures antioxidant molecules' ability to reduce Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ . 10 The in vitro antioxidant result (Table 1) showed that radical-scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.47 mg/ml) as well as Fe 3+ reduction increased with increasing concentration indicating good antioxidant properties of the fraction.…”

“…14,24 Thus, the antioxidant effect observed in the in vitro study could be a result of the phenolic constituents of the plant sample as earlier reported. 15 Over-activity of enzymes such as α -amylase and α -glucosidase is one of the contributors to post-prandial hyperglycemia. 25 Thus, mild inhibition of the activities of these enzymes is a therapeutic strategy for managing diabetes.…”

“…31,50 Functional integrity of the kidney is usually assessed by monitoring changes in serum urea and creatinine levels, and nephropathy is usually suspected when serum levels of these parameters increase. 15 Serum creatinine levels are usually elevated when renal blood flow is impaired 51 while elevated serum urea level is often an indication of renal injury, high protein consumption and/or insufficient water intake. 52 The result obtained showed significantly elevated urea and creatinine concentrations in the untreated group in comparison to the normal control (Table 6), indicating poor renal clearance of these metabolites from circulation.…”

“…13,14 We had earlier reported the effectiveness of polyphenol-rich fraction of P. biglobosa leaves in attenuating high fructose-induced biochemical aberrations in rats. 15 In this study, the effect of the polyphenol-rich fraction of P. biglobosa leaves on the biochemical status of experimentally-induced diabetes in rats was carried out.…”