Attenuation of Injection Pain From Local Anesthetics

Farley, Jon S.; Hustead, Robert F.; Robinson, R. H.; Becker, K

doi:10.1097/00000542-199109001-00678

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Myxomatosis vaccines are administered by using a combination of the subcutaneous and intradermal routes, which creates the potential for the intradermal route to be used in safety testing. Injections via this route are painful (18), and, as there is no natural space to contain substances administered by this route, only small volumes should be injected at a single site (3). The volume required in the batch safety test exceeds that recommended for a single injection site, and so should be split over multiple sites, in order to reduce pain and discomfort at any individual site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch Safety Testing of Veterinary Vaccines — Potential Welfare Implications of Injection Volumes

Cooper

2008

Altern Lab Anim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examines the volumes administered by injection during the batch safety testing of veterinary vaccines according to the methods laid down in European Pharmacopoeia monographs. These are compared with maximum dose volumes recommended in good practice guidelines. The volumes administered during safety tests frequently exceeded recommended maximums, giving rise to concerns that these tests may seriously compromise animal welfare. This was particularly the case for live liquid vaccines and for vaccines recommended for intramuscular injection. The volumes used in testing vaccines for avian species exceeded the recommended maximums by the greatest amount. The administration of test doses should be performed in a way that minimises pain and discomfort. The refinement of tests by dividing large dose volumes and delivering them over multiple sites is discussed, but it is recognised that there are technical limitations, which in some cases may cause difficulties with fulfilling the purpose of the tests. Previously, the relevance of batch safety tests has been widely criticised, due to a lack of evidence that they contribute to the safety of veterinary medicines. By showing that the conduct of target animal safety tests can involve injection volumes that compromise the welfare of the animals involved, this analysis highlights the need for a more critical assessment of the necessity and justification for these tests.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch Safety Testing of Veterinary Vaccines — Potential Welfare Implications of Injection Volumes

Cooper

2008

Altern Lab Anim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Phosphatidylinositol Responses Are Involved in the Vascular Effects of Thiamylal and Fentanyl

Shibata¹,

Tsujita²,

Tomiyasu³

et al. 1994

Anesthesiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Corticosteroids and Inhaled Salbutamol in Patients with Reversible Airway Obstruction Markedly Decrease the Incidence of Bronchospasm after Tracheal Intubation

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

: Pretreatment with either salbutamol alone or salbutamol combined with methylprednisolone significantly and similarly improves lung function within 1 day. However, only combined salbutamol-methylprednisolone pretreatment decreases the incidence of wheezing after tracheal intubation. Therefore, in patients with bronchial hyperreactivity, preoperative treatment with combined corticosteroids and salbutamol minimizes intubation-evoked bronchoconstriction much more effectively than the inhaled beta2-sympathomimetic salbutamol alone.

show abstract

Attenuation of Injection Pain From Local Anesthetics

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Batch Safety Testing of Veterinary Vaccines — Potential Welfare Implications of Injection Volumes

Batch Safety Testing of Veterinary Vaccines — Potential Welfare Implications of Injection Volumes

Phosphatidylinositol Responses Are Involved in the Vascular Effects of Thiamylal and Fentanyl

Corticosteroids and Inhaled Salbutamol in Patients with Reversible Airway Obstruction Markedly Decrease the Incidence of Bronchospasm after Tracheal Intubation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About