Attenuation of Monochromatic X-Rays by Normal and Abnormal Breast Tissues

Carroll, Frank E.; Waters, J.; Andrews, Wei Wei; Price, Ron; Pickens, David R.; Willcott, Robert; Tompkins, Perry A.; Roos, Carlton F.; Page, David; Reed, George H.; Ueda, Atsushi; Bain, Robert; Wang, Paul; Bassinger, Mark

doi:10.1097/00004424-199403000-00003

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Compressionless examinations, use of oral drugs rather than intravenous drugs, and low radiation doses will all be high on the list of ''musts.'' In threedimensional, compressionless, monochromatic mammography, inherent differences in the linear attenuation of the cells in cancers [Carroll et al, 1994] will be much easier to detect without the overlap of structures within the breast that is currently problematic with 2-D images [Gordon and Sivaramakrishna, 1999]. This technique will produce an examination that is much more reproducible from year to year making better use of computer assisted diagnosis (CAD) techniques now showing promise.…”

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable, monochromatic X‐rays: An enabling technology for molecular/cellular imaging and therapy

Carroll

2003

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Pulsed, tunable, monochromatic X-rays hold great potential as a cellular and molecular probe. These beams can be tuned to the binding energy of orbital electrons in atoms, making them extremely useful in diagnostic k-edge imaging and Auger cascade radiotherapy. Their wide tunability makes them ideal for the performance of various techniques as disparate as protein crystallography and three-dimensional, compressionless, monochromatic mammography. Since only the frequency best suited to the task at hand is used, radiation exposure to patients or animals is exceedingly low when compared to standard X-ray techniques.

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Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable, monochromatic X‐rays: An enabling technology for molecular/cellular imaging and therapy

Carroll

2003

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…Carroll, et al [26], have shown that there are significant differences in attenuation between normal and cancerous tissues for monoenergetic x-rays in the range of 14 to 18 keV. Boone and Seibert [27] did a computer simulation comparing monoenergetic x-rays to polyenergetic x-rays with regard to imaging, concluding that the monoenergetic sources should have a 40 to 200 % improvement in contrast.…”

Section: MC Mammographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron Radiation Applications in Medical Research

Thomlinson

1998

Medical Applications of Synchrotron Radiation

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Upton, N Y 11973Over the past two decades there has been a phenomenal growth in the number of dedicated synchrotron radiation facilities and a corresponding growth in the number of applications in.both basic and applied sciences. From the very beginning it was recognized that the synchrotron provides an ideal x-ray source for many applications in the biomedical sciences. The high flux and brightness, 'tunable beams, time structure and polarization were important parameters in the growth of structural biology and molecular dynamics. Today protein crystallography is one of the fastest growing fields being developed for the second and third generation sources.Beginning in the late 1 9 7 0 '~~ it was recognized that the synchrotron radiation beams could also be applied to diverse in-vivo research and clMcal problems such as coronary and cerebral imaging, mammography, and radiotherapy. There is thus a dual aspect to the field of medical applications of synchrotron radiation. First there are the important in-vitro programs such as structural biology and designer drug design, flourescence analysis of trace elements, x-ray microscopy, and radiation cell biology. Second there are the programs that are ultimately targeted at in-vivo-applications. This paper will discuss the advantages of the synchrotron radiation to the in-vivo basic and applied programs of coronary angiography, multiple energy computed tomography, mammography and radiation therapy. The present status of the programs at laboratories around the world will be reviewed and some future projections for these applications will be made.

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“…It was found that differences between normal and cancerous tissues exist in the linear attenuation coefficients of monochromatic x-rays between 14.15 and 18 keV, but there was some degree of overlap. [18]. In a separate study, infiltrating duct carcinomas and fat were well-differentiated by measuring x-ray attenuation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Determination of Linear X-Ray Attenuation Coefficients of Pathological Brain Tissues and Use of Filters in Tissue Contrast Enhancement in Computed Tomography

Sagsoz

Erdoğan

et al. 2010

EAJM

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Objective: X-ray attenuation coeffi cients are used in common radiological, pathological and spectroscopic examinations and in the determination of the radiation dose distribution in biological tissues. In radiology, these coeffi cients enable diagnosis by diff erentiating the abnormal tissues from the normal ones using their morphological structure and contrast diff erences. In this study, our aim is to precisely determine the linear x-ray attenuation coeffi cients of pathological brain tissues and to use x-ray beam fi lters to enhance the tissue contrast in computed tomography. Materials and Methods:To directly measure the relative linear attenuation coeffi cients, an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy system (EDXRS-Canberra, Si(Li) with DSA-1000 spectrum analyzer 1998; CT, USA) was used with collimators and a medical-purpose x-ray tube (Siemens, Siremobil, 1985; Erlangen, Germany) in a linear geometry.Results: Using a Mo fi lter with Computed Tomography CT and photon energies from 15 to 25 keV, EDXRS acquisitions were found to signifi cantly distinguish grades of brain tumors (p<0.05). For the data acquired from CT systems with the decreasing fi ltered photon mean energy, the x-ray attenuation coeffi cients (i.e., the Hounsfi eld units) show that the ratio of EDXRS to CT for water's attenuation coeffi cient are increased. With our suggested x-ray fi lters, the tissue contrast has been found to be increased in ex vivo brain tumor slices compared with slices scanned in conventional CT scanners.Conclusion: X-ray attenuations measured with the EDXRS are found to be statistically more reliable because of the length of acquisition times in this study.

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Attenuation of Monochromatic X-Rays by Normal and Abnormal Breast Tissues

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Tunable, monochromatic X‐rays: An enabling technology for molecular/cellular imaging and therapy

Tunable, monochromatic X‐rays: An enabling technology for molecular/cellular imaging and therapy

Synchrotron Radiation Applications in Medical Research

Determination of Linear X-Ray Attenuation Coefficients of Pathological Brain Tissues and Use of Filters in Tissue Contrast Enhancement in Computed Tomography

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