Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity Induced By D–Galactosamine by a Polyherbal Formulation Ambrex–in vivo and in vitro Studies

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Ambrex, a polyherbal formulation against D-galactosamine (D-GLN) induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice as well as in Chang liver cell lines. Materials and Methods: Ambrex was orally administered for a period of 7 days at dose levels of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt. D-GLN (250 mg/kg b.wt, i.p) was administered 24h prior to sacrifice the animals. The protective effect of Ambrex was evaluated by measuring plasma levels of aspartate transaminase (SGOT), alanine transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltransferase (γGT) and total bilirubin. Its effect on antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxide(LPO) was also determined. Histopathological evaluation of liver tissues was carried out. Results: Data revealed that Ambrex was able to restore the levels of antioxidants such as SOD, Catalase, and Glutathione to near normal and reduced the elevated plasma levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, γ -GT and total bilirubin. It also inhibited the formation of hepatic malondialdehyde induced by D -GLN. In vitro studies revealed that Ambrex protected D-GLN induced hepatotoxicity (30µM/ ml) at dose levels of 5, 50 and 500ng/ml. Further, mRNA expression also illustrated that Ambrex inhibited the over expression of Bax, Caspase 3, TNF-α, IL-2 and CYP-450. A substantial decrease in the mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic marker Bcl2 was also observed. Conclusion: Results suggest that Ambrex has appreciable hepatoprotective effect which was evident from both in vivo and in vitro results.

The Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity of Date Palm Seedlings Under Abiotic Drought Stress

“…2 The increase in the activity of the target enzymes under drought stress in the current study is in agreement with the theory says that plants produce a variety of antioxidants that counteract the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to drought stress. 21,22,23 Phenol and flavonoids of date palm leaves under study were increased as a result of increasing the concentration of PEG and the treatment period. These two compounds represent the non-enzymatic antioxidants scavenging the free radicals resulted from the oxidative stress exerted by PEG treatment.…”

“…This result is consistent with that of Huseynova 19 and El Rabey et al 5 on wheat and Kar and Mishra. 20,21,22 on rice. This result also agrees with that of Wang 23 who noticed the increase in the antioxidant enzyme activity during germination of alfalfa under salt and drought stresses subjected to drought stress.…”

Inhibition of PKCβ Mediates Cardioprotective Activity of Ambrex against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Necrosis: in vivo and in silico Studies

“…Our previous in-vivo study also revealed that pretreatment with Ambrex renews the ISPH-induced reduction in the serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and restores the ISPH-stimulated elevation in the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol [9]. Ambrex also exhibits appreciable anti-ulcerogenic, antihyperlipidemic, broncho-protective and hepato-protective activities as demonstrated in-vitro and in-vivo in our previous studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The current study characterized the morphology of Ambrex formulation by SEM and assessed its cardioprotective potential against ISPH-induced myocardial necrosis in rats, in terms of its activity over cardiac biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes through biochemical and histopathological evaluations.…”