Attenuation of RA 27/3 Rubella Virus in WI-38 Human Diploid Cells

History of vaccination

“…Enders, Weller, and Robbins (16) showed that many viruses could be grown in cell culture, including polio and measles, and this method was vigorously taken up by vaccine developers. The oral polio vaccine of Albert Sabin and the measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella vaccines were all made possible through selection of clones by cell-culture passage in vitro (17)(18)(19)(20)(21). In essence, passage in cell culture leads to adaptation to growth in that medium, and the mutants best capable of growth have often lost or modified the genes that allow them to infect and spread within a human host.…”

“…These mutations are at least partly lost after replication of attenuated strains in the human intestine, leading to rare cases of paralysis after vaccination (22). Adaptation of viruses to growth at temperatures below 37°C, the normal temperature of humans, also is attenuating, as was the case for rubella vaccine (20). Another live vaccine, thus far used only in the military to prevent epidemic pneumonia, consists of adeno 4 and 7 viruses grown in human diploid cell strains and administered orally to replicate in the intestine (23).…”

Resposta sorológica de adultos à vacinação contra a rubéola

“…No presente trabalho só foi considerado o poder imunogênico e o grau de atenuação. As averiguações no sentido de despistar reações clínicas pós-vacinais não levaram a resultados que permitissem confirmar observações de outros autores, tanto no que respeita adenopatias, febre e "rash" cutâneo 13 , 29 , 41 , quanto artralgias 3 , 34 , uma vez que nenhum dos indivíduos vacinados apresentou quaisquer queixas a respeito. Nestas condições, se aliarmos a taxa de soro-conversão de 96,6% obtida, à ausência de reações clínicas, parece-nos ser possível falar em favor da eficiência e inocuidade da vacina utilizada e sugerir, amparados em nossas observações e de outros autores 2,5,14,20,29,32 , seu uso nas condições em que este se torne necessário ou, mesmo, obrigatório.…”

Trials of intranasally administered rubella vaccine

“…Vaccine at a titre of 500 TCID 50 has been shown to be fully immunogenic when given intranasally (Plotkin, Farquhar, Katz & Buser, 1969). Thus the titre of vaccine used in the orphanage study may be significant only in the context of the vaccination technique used and the condition of the noses.…”