Attitudes about victims of workplace sexual harassment based on sex

Cesario, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.crbeha.2020.100006

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Regardless of the details of its origin, however, various psychological and sociological phenomena may have emerged to facilitate the greater protectiveness of females. These include a tendency to be more concerned about harm to females than males or to see greater harm to females in the same occurrence (Cesario, 2020; Reynolds et al, 2020; Stewart‐Williams, 2002); a belief or social norm that females should be protected more than males even when harms are comparable (Reynolds et al, 2020); and a tendency to see females in a more positive light than males (aka the women‐are‐wonderful effect ; Eagly & Mladinic, 1994; Glick et al, 2004). These tendencies and others may lead people to be more protective of females than males, at least in certain circumstances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions to research on sex differences: Effect of sex favoured, researcher sex, and importance of sex‐difference domain

Stewart‐Williams

Wong

Chang

et al. 2022

British J of Psychology

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Two studies (total N = 778) looked at (1) how people react to research finding a sex difference depending on whether the research puts men or women in a better light and (2) how well people can predict the average man and average woman's reactions. Participants read a fictional popular‐science article about fictional research finding either a male‐ or a female‐favouring sex difference. The research was credited to either a male or a female lead researcher. In both studies, both sexes reacted less positively to differences favouring males; in contrast to our earlier research, however, the effect was larger among female participants. Contrary to a widespread expectation, participants did not react less positively to research led by a female. Participants did react less positively, though, to research led by a male when the research reported a male‐favouring difference in a highly valued trait. Participants judged male‐favouring research to be lower in quality than female‐favouring research, apparently in large part because they saw the former as more harmful. In both studies, participants predicted that the average man and woman would exhibit substantial own‐sex favouritism, with both sexes predicting more own‐sex favouritism from the other sex than the other sex predicted from itself. In making these predictions, participants overestimated women's own‐sex favouritism, and got the direction of the effect wrong for men. A greater understanding of the tendency to overestimate gender‐ingroup bias could help quell antagonisms between the sexes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions to research on sex differences: Effect of sex favoured, researcher sex, and importance of sex‐difference domain

Stewart‐Williams

Wong

Chang

et al. 2022

British J of Psychology

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“…Male victims are also ridiculed more often, and the extent of blame attributed to them depends on their sexual orientation [8,9]. Finally, rape of men and harassment are viewed as less traumatic than in case of women, especially when the behaviour took place in heterosexual relationships [21,4]. The idea that men virtually accept any sex is welcome, possibly contributes to disrespectful attitudes to their sexual victimization.…”

Section: Sexual Harassment Of Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role Reversal - When a Woman Is Molesting

Kempińska¹,

Rudenko²

2021

Education and Science of Today: Intersectoral Issues and Development of Sciences Volume3

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The phenomenon of sexual harassment of men by women is perceived as marginal and insignificant. However, female sexual aggression towards men does occur. This is a huge and almost completely invisible phenomenon. After the MeToo action, many people treat the flirting man as the aggressor. But the same people do not consider a woman who makes sexual offers to a man, sends him nude photos of herself, calls him several times a day, pats and/or strokes his buttocks, touches the genitals (seemingly accidentally). Double standard? Maybe, but it was created as a result of thousands of years of cultural, gender and political conditioning. Female aggression against men has existed, still exists, and will continue to exist. You should fight it (as well as the aggression of men towards women), try to change it by drawing conclusions from the scale of the phenomenon. Men need to be aware that there are women who may take advantage of them and abuse them. They cannot feel lonely and ashamed, but should seek help and accept it. Societies, on the other hand, must understand that harassing men by women, forcing them to penetrate, is not a joke. Contrary to myths and stereotypes, a man does not always have to want sex.

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“…According to a study that systematically reviewed 5320 SH studies from 1977 to 2020, workplace SH has been widely addressed by studies in a variety of fields such as the military, school, and healthcare [ 5 ]. Although the frequency and characteristics of SH varies widely, depending on differences in culture, education level [ 6 ], and nationality [ 1 ], the occurrence of SH tends to be higher in more gender-typed occupations, in which one gender predominantly outnumbers the other [ 7 ]. Numerous studies have investigated workplace SH over the decades; however, less attention has been paid to male victims than to female victims, even though the damage caused by SH is detrimental regardless of the victim’s gender [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace sexual harassment toward male nurses in South Korea: a cross-sectional online survey

Jeong

Chang

2022

BMC Nurs

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Background Many studies have focused on sexual harassment of female nurses perpetrated by patients and coworkers. However, as males in a female-dominated occupation, male nurses are also at risk of being exposed to sexual harassment. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of workplace sexual harassment faced by male nurses in South Korea and to identify related factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey that recruited male nurses working in various general hospitals in South Korea. In total, 246 participants with at least 6 months of clinical experience enrolled in an online survey, and 155 male nurses were included in the final analysis. Data were collected from May 31, 2019 to July 26, 2020. Items on the questionnaire included sexual harassment experiences, nursing work environment, and general characteristics of the participants. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participants’ general characteristics and a negative binomial regression model was used to analyze predictors of workplace sexual harassment. Results The mean number of sexual harassment incidents was 3.2 ± 5.5. The majority (65.2%) of male nurses had experienced sexual harassment at least once at work. The negative binomial regression model in the study was found to be acceptable (likelihood ratio chi-square = 30.03, df = 18, p = .037). The perceived nursing work environment was the only significant predictor of sexual harassment towards male nurses (p = .001; incidence rate ratio = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.20–0.66). Conclusions Nursing administrators must recognize that men in female-dominated occupation may experience sexual harassment in the workplace. Specific and realistic managerial policies and educational programs should be implemented to prevent workplace sexual harassment and improve the nursing work environment for male nurses.

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Attitudes about victims of workplace sexual harassment based on sex

Cited by 6 publications

References 107 publications

Reactions to research on sex differences: Effect of sex favoured, researcher sex, and importance of sex‐difference domain

Reactions to research on sex differences: Effect of sex favoured, researcher sex, and importance of sex‐difference domain

Role Reversal - When a Woman Is Molesting

Workplace sexual harassment toward male nurses in South Korea: a cross-sectional online survey

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