The article reveals the theoretical and practical aspects of the organization of blended learning of future primary school teachers under quarantine caused by COVID-19. On the example of the educational component “Teaching methodology of social and health-care educational sector” the article describes the peculiarities of organizing the educational process in blended format, namely providing examples of tasks that allow to form civic and social competencies of first-level higher education students under the conditions of new time challenges. The article focuses on the specificities of working in the virtual learning environment Moodle, summarizes own teaching experience of training of educational component “Teaching methodology of social and health-care educational sector”. The author's method of structuring and content of the educational component is proposed, which is reflected in the textbook. The necessity of using digital tools Canva, Padlet, Coggle for organizing group work of students during blended learning under quarantine conditions caused by COVID-19 is considered and also the samples of tasks to be completed by future primary school teachers are given. The article presents the results of a survey of applicants for the first level of higher education program 013 Primary Education, which show that students have a generally positive attitude to using digital tools Canva, Padlet, Coggle, as it positively influences the formation of their professional competence and the formation of their own methodological system. The author's method suggested in this article is incomplete and is continually being improved in accordance with time challenges.

The issue discussed in the article focuses on risky sexual behaviours of adolescents. These behaviours increase the likelihood of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, which is associated with a frequent change of sexual partners. It is also engaging in sexual intercourse leading to accidental conception of a child. These behaviours are usually accompanied by inappropriate use of contraceptive methods and means to prevent unwanted pregnancy and venereal diseases infection. Risky sexual behaviour, especially in the case of adolescents, is therefore an important global health problem, including public health. Proper sexual development is one of the determinants of public health, as the future sexuality of adolescents depends on how they go through puberty. Based on the social and educational significance of this problem, the review article presents the results of the analysis of available scientific sources published in English and French. On the one hand, they indicate the factors contributing to early sexual initiation related to individual characteristics, condition of the family and non-family environment, and on the other hand, the consequences of engaging in sexual intercourse by adolescents. In addition to the problems mentioned in this article, these are, among others, mental health problems, alcohol and drugs use occurring during puberty. Moreover, adolescents with sexual experience are more likely to skip school more often and have fewer positive school experiences. This speaks in favour of knowing the factors accelerating and inhibiting the sexual debut, which is one of the conditions for effective prevention.

Today, the phenomenon of sexual harassment is the subject of research in many scientific disciplines. This problem is significantly related to the phenomena of aggression and domination as well as to the issues of personal dignity and a sense of security. According to the 2017 EU doctrine, sexual harassment is considered to be "a situation in which any form of unwanted verbal, non-verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature takes place, the purpose or effect of which is to violate the dignity of a person, in particular by creating an intimidating, hostile atmosphere, humiliation or offense". Sexual harassment continues to be the most extreme form of discrimination based on sex [30]. It is estimated that one in three women worldwide is at risk of physical and / or sexual violence [28]. A 2014 study by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights entitled 'Violence against women' proves that 55% of women in the EU have been sexually harassed (equivalent to around 100 million victims), 20% of women aged 18 to 29 have experienced online harassment and one in ten victims-sexual harassment or persistent stalking, by means of new technologies [30], see also [14]. Sexual harassment can take physical forms: insistent advances, lustful looks and gestures, touching, patting, sexual violence, or verbal acts: sexual jokes, comments about appearance, clothing, requests for sexual favours, lewd allusions, displaying pornographic pictures, etc... and it happens both offline and online. Whether we call a certain behavior sexual harassment or not depends largely on our personal sensitivity and awareness as well as on our cultural background. The phenomenon of sexual harassment has been known to mankind since pre-historical time. Already the Book of Genesis (39.1-39.20) does describe a case of special sexual blackmail. It is the "casus of Joseph" employed as the administrator of the estate of Putyfar, who lost his job and was imprisoned when he refused to provide sexual services to his employer's wife [21, 67]. In modern times, the problem of sexual harassment was publicized in 1994 after the screening of Barry Levinson's film "Disclosure", in which the main roles were performed by Demi Moore and Michael Douglas. Since the high-profile Harvey Weinstein scandal, the issue of sexual harassment has gained even greater collective visibility, an unprecedented social and media surface. On October 5, 2017, the New York Times published the first reports concerning women claiming to have been the victims of harassment, sexual assault or rape at the hands of the powerful American film producer. After four weeks, the list of alleged

Domestic violence is a common phenomenon all over the world and in every environment, regardless of the level of education, material conditions, place of residence, race, or even religion. Historically viewed as a private issue, domestic violence is now recognized as a gender-based crime and is a significant public health problem affecting the well-being of victims, their families and communities. Numerous evidence shows that domestic and sexual violence escalate in times of disasters and pandemics. One of the main reasons for the escalation of domestic violence during the period of anomie is social isolation, economic instability, loss of income and related stress, as well as chaos and change of legislation, including the introduction of introduction of restrictions. Such periods of forced intimacy between partners extend the time they spend together and make it more difficult for victims of domestic violence to “escape” from home. The aim of the article is to present both the scale of the phenomenon of violence in a global perspective and the actions taken in selected countries, including Poland and Ukraine, for the victims of domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research focuses on the following questions: What is the scale of the phenomenon of violence during a pandemic? What measures have countries taken to support victims of violence? The article is based on the monographic method, an analysis of available scientific sources (published in English, Polish and Ukrainian) describing the diagnosed phenomenon. The article may contribute to further research and reflection on this issue, especially in the current political situation in the world (war in Ukraine), which is conducive to aggressive behaviour.

This article aims to present the characteristics of sex education in selected European countries. Particular attention should be paid to the need for compulsory and diligently conducted sexual education of young people as a preventive measure and a factor providing objective scientific truth. Normative systems and set of beliefs often create social taboos about sexuality. Based on the analysis of scientific sources published in Polish, French and English, this article also shows the essence of sex education in schools, as a way for young people to make the right choices, reduce the occurrence of risky behaviors and protect against and prevent sexually transmitted diseases, unplanned pregnancy and sexual violence. Acquiring true and consistent with the current state of knowledge information on the human sexual sphere should be carried out throughout life. Conducting professional sex education classes at school would be an opportunity for all students to have equal access to information on this subject. Both for those who talk to their parents and those for whom it is a taboo. The presented effects of the lack of sexual education in schools show that its reliable and professional implementation is a means of providing help to young people and their families. However, in order to change the approach of parents and students to attending classes in this subject, it is necessary to improve the quality of teaching in this subject and to make some changes to the curriculum.