“…Particularly interesting topics for knowledge graphs arise from the intersections of areas. In the intersection of data graphs and deductive knowledge, we emphasise emerging topics such as formal semantics for property graphs, with languages that can take into account the meaning of labels and property-value pairs on nodes and edges [74]; and reasoning and querying over contextual data, to derive conclusions and results valid in a particular setting [58,120,156]. In the intersection of data graphs and inductive knowledge, we highlight topics such as similarity-based query relaxation, allowing to find approximate answers to exact queries based on numerical representations (e.g., embeddings) [139]; shape induction, to extract and formalise inherent patterns in the knowledge graph as constraints [82]; and contextual knowledge graph embeddings that provide numeric representations of nodes and edges that vary with time, place, and so on [67,154].…”