Attributes and predictors of Long-COVID: analysis of COVID cases and their symptoms collected by the Covid Symptoms Study App

Sudre, Carole H.; Murray, Benjamin; Varsavsky, Thomas; Graham, Mark S.; Penfold, Rose; Bowyer, Ruth C. E.; Pujol, Joan Capdevila; Kläser, Kerstin; Antonelli, Michela; Canas, Liane S; Molteni, Erika; Modat, Marc; Cardoso, MJ; May, Anna; Ganesh, Sajaysurya; Davies, Richard; Nguyen, Long H.; Drew, David A.; Astley, Christina M; Joshi, Amit D.; Merino, Jordi; Tsereteli, Neli; Fall, Tove; Gomez, Maria F.; Duncan, Emma L.; Menni, Christina; Williams, Frances; Franks, Paul W.; Chan, Andrew T.; Wolf, Jonathan; Ourselin, Sébastien; Spector, Timothy D.; Steves, Claire J.

doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.20214494

Cited by 238 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…During this period there was evidence of a downturn in daily infections from the national surveillance data on symptomatic cases ("Pillar 1 and 2") [1] and from the coronavirus symptom app (Zoe app) [12] , and a plateau in data from the Office for National Statistics Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey [13] . Despite differences between these data streams in their recruitment strategy including whether this is influenced by symptom status [1,12], all four are broadly consistent in identifying an inflection point towards the end of our study period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REACT-1 round 6 updated report: high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 swab positivity with reduced rate of growth in England at the start of November 2020

Riley

Ainslie

Eales

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundEngland is now in the midst of its second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple regions of the country are at high infection prevalence and all areas experienced rapid recent growth of the epidemic during October 2020.MethodsREACT-1 is a series of community surveys of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR swab-positivity in England designed to monitor the spread of the epidemic and thus increase situational awareness. Round 6 of REACT-1 commenced swab-collection on 16th October. A prior interim report included data from 16th to 25th October for 85,971 participants. Here, we report data for the entire round on 160,175 participants with swab results obtained up to 2nd November 2020.ResultsOverall weighted prevalence of infection in the community in England was 1.3% or 130 people per 10,000 infected, up from 60 people per 10,000 in the round 5 report (18th September to 5th October 2020), doubling every 24 days on average since the prior round. The corresponding R number was estimated to be 1.2. Prevalence of infection was highest in North West (2.4%, up from 1.2%), followed by Yorkshire and The Humber (2.3% up from 0.84%), West Midlands (1.6% up from 0.60%), North East (1.5% up from 1.1%), East Midlands (1.3% up from 0.56%), London (0.97%, up from 0.54%), South West (0.80% up from 0.33%), South East (0.69% up from 0.29%), and East of England (0.69% up from 0.30%). Rapid growth in the South observed in the first half of round 6 was no longer apparent in the second half of round 6. We also observed a decline in prevalence in Yorkshire and The Humber during this period. Comparing the first and second halves of round 6, there was a suggestion of decline in weighted prevalence in participants aged 5 to 12 years and in those aged 25 to 44 years. While prevalence remained high, in the second half of round 6 there was suggestion of a slight fall then rise that was seen nationally and also separately in both the North and the South.ConclusionThe impact of the second national lockdown in England is not yet known. We provide here a detailed description of swab-positivity patterns at national, regional and local scales for the period immediately preceding lockdown, against which future trends in prevalence can be evaluated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REACT-1 round 6 updated report: high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 swab positivity with reduced rate of growth in England at the start of November 2020

Riley

Ainslie

Eales

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The survey asked respondents to detail their experience of a subset of 66 symptoms over time. Respondents indicated whether each of these symptoms was present during a series of time intervals following the onset of their first symptoms: week 1 (days 1-7), week 2 (days [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], week 3 (days 15-21), week 4 (days [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], month 2 (days 31-60), month 3 (days 61-90), month 4 (days 91-120), month 5 (days 121-150, month 6 (days 151-180), and month 7 (days 181-210).…”

Section: Symptom Time Course Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Long COVID in an International Cohort: 7 Months of Symptoms and Their Impact

Davis

Assaf

McCorkell

et al. 2020

Preprint

251

289

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ObjectiveTo characterize the symptom profile and time course in patients with Long COVID, along with the impact on daily life, work, and return to baseline health.DesignInternational web-based survey of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases with illness lasting over 28 days and onset prior to June 2020.SettingSurvey distribution via online COVID-19 support groups and social mediaParticipants3,762 respondents from 56 countries completed the survey. 1166 (33.7%) were 40-49 years old, 937 (27.1%) were 50-59 years old, and 905 (26.1%) were 30-39 years old. 2961 (78.9%) were women, 718 (19.1%) were men, and 63 (1.7%) were nonbinary. 8.4% reported being hospitalized. 27% reported receiving a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. 96% reported symptoms beyond 90 days.ResultsPrevalence of 205 symptoms in 10 organ systems was estimated in this cohort, with 66 symptoms traced over seven months. Respondents experienced symptoms in an average of 9.08 (95% confidence interval 9.04 to 9.13) organ systems. The most frequent symptoms reported after month 6 were: fatigue (77.7%, 74.9% to 80.3%), post-exertional malaise (72.2%, 69.3% to 75.0%), and cognitive dysfunction (55.4%, 52.4% to 58.8%). These three symptoms were also the three most commonly reported overall. In those who recovered in less than 90 days, the average number of symptoms peaked at week 2 (11.4, 9.4 to 13.6), and in those who did not recover in 90 days, the average number of symptoms peaked at month 2 (17.2, 16.5 to 17.8). Respondents with symptoms over 6 months experienced an average of 13.8 (12.7 to 14.9) symptoms in month 7. 85.9% (84.8% to 87.0%) experienced relapses, with exercise, physical or mental activity, and stress as the main triggers. 86.7% (85.6% to 92.5%) of unrecovered respondents were experiencing fatigue at the time of survey, compared to 44.7% (38.5% to 50.5%) of recovered respondents. 45.2% (42.9% to 47.2%) reported requiring a reduced work schedule compared to pre-illness and 22.3% (20.5% to 24.3%) were not working at the time of survey due to their health conditions.ConclusionsPatients with Long COVID report prolonged multisystem involvement and significant disability. Most had not returned to previous levels of work by 6 months. Many patients are not recovered by 7 months, and continue to experience significant symptom burden.

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“…Symptoms of illness persisting after resolution of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection are common, yet incompletely described. A prospective observational cohort of 4,182 people positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Great Britain, the US, and Sweden revealed persistent symptoms for more than 28 days (long COVID LC28) in 13.3% of study volunteers ( Sudre et al., 2020 ). The proportion of people with obesity was higher in the LC28 cohort relative to the cohort reporting shorter duration of symptoms.…”

Section: Long-covid Syndrome and Indirect Consequences Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes, obesity, metabolism, and SARS-CoV-2 infection: the end of the beginning

2021

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Attributes and predictors of Long-COVID: analysis of COVID cases and their symptoms collected by the Covid Symptoms Study App

Cited by 238 publications

References 17 publications

REACT-1 round 6 updated report: high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 swab positivity with reduced rate of growth in England at the start of November 2020

REACT-1 round 6 updated report: high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 swab positivity with reduced rate of growth in England at the start of November 2020

Characterizing Long COVID in an International Cohort: 7 Months of Symptoms and Their Impact

Diabetes, obesity, metabolism, and SARS-CoV-2 infection: the end of the beginning

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