Diabetes, obesity, metabolism, and SARS-CoV-2 infection: the end of the beginning

Drucker, Daniel J.

doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.016

Cited by 218 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 178 publications

(163 reference statements)

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“…In addition, as cholesterol is also a major component of immune cell membranes, excess cholesterol levels in patients with obesity and/or cardiovascular diseases could contribute to dysregulate acquire immunity and promote abnormal inflammatory responses [ 93 ]. Moreover, as cholesterol oxidation under the effect of ROS or RNS or through the intermediary of enzymes can lead to the formation of oxysterols [ 94 ], and in particular 7KC, which can impact the redox status, inflammation, coagulation, and cell viability, cholesterol-modifying drugs could be of interest to target the side effects of 7KC in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 95 ].…”

Section: -Ketocholesterol-modifying Drugs In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

7-Ketocholesterol: Effects on viral infections and hypothetical contribution in COVID-19

Ghzaiel

Sassi

Zarrouk

et al. 2021

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Section: -Ketocholesterol-modifying Drugs In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

7-Ketocholesterol: Effects on viral infections and hypothetical contribution in COVID-19

Ghzaiel

Sassi

Zarrouk

et al. 2021

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…Overall, there is currently not supporting evidence of an increase in incidence of Type 1 diabetes cases associated with the current pandemic. [85][86][87] Data surrounding T2D have shown some effects on glycemic control at diagnosis, but this may also be related to lifestyle changes as a consequence of lockdown. [88][89][90] Identification of "new" diabetes also has the potential to be confounded by preexisting undiagnosed disease (especially in T2D, which can be insidious in onset).…”

Section: The Impact Of the Covid-19 Pandemic On The Incidence Of Diabetes During The Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not so sweet and simple: impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the β cell

Ibrahim

Monaco

Sims

2021

Islets

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The link between COVID-19 infection and diabetes has been explored in several studies since the start of the pandemic, with associations between comorbid diabetes and poorer prognosis in patients infected with the virus and reports of diabetic ketoacidosis occurring with COVID-19 infection. As such, significant interest has been generated surrounding mechanisms by which the virus may exert effects on the pancreatic β cells. In this review, we consider possible routes by which SARS-CoV-2 may impact β cells. Specifically, we outline data that either support or argue against the idea of direct infection and injury of β cells by SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss β cell damage due to a "bystander" effect in which infection with the virus leads to damage to surrounding tissues that are essential for β cell survival and function, such as the pancreatic microvasculature and exocrine tissue. Studies elucidating the provocation of a cytokine storm following COVID-19 infection and potential impacts of systemic inflammation and increases in insulin resistance on β cells are also reviewed. Finally, we summarize the existing clinical data surrounding diabetes incidence since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…HbA 1c was not included in this model but age-and BMI-adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that HbA 1c was not associated with COVID-19 mortality, neither in women nor in men (Supplemental Figure 2A). A sensitivity analysis was further performed to assess the influence of routine treatments previously suspected to interfere with COVID-19 course (metformin, insulin, DPP4-inhibitors and statins) (19), providing similar results. Of note, metformin was associated with a lower risk of death at D28 in men only, whereas insulin therapy was associated with an increased risk of death at D28 in women only (Supplemental Tables 2 and 3).…”

Section: Sex-dependent Predictors Of Covid-19 Mortality At D28mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, to date, sex differences in COVID-19 presentation and outcomes have been scarcely investigated in patients with diabetes. In the present sex-stratified analysis, we compared the clinical and biological features and outcomes in women and men included in the CORONADO (CORONAvirus-SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Outcomes) study, a nationwide observational study dedicated to patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID- 19. We identified sex-specific clinical and biological determinants of in-hospital COVID-19related mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes of inpatients with diabetes: insights from the CORONADO study

Tramunt

Smati

Coudol³

et al. 2021

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Male sex is a determinant of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to characterize sex differences in severe outcomes in adults with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods: We performed a sex-stratified analysis of clinical and biological features and outcomes (i.e. invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV], death, intensive care unit [ICU] admission and home discharge at day 7 [D7] or day 28 [D28]) in 2,380 patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 and included in the nationwide CORONADO observational study (NCT04324736). Results: The study population was predominantly male (63.5%). After multiple adjustments, female sex was negatively associated with the primary outcome (IMV and/or death, OR 0.66 [0.49-0.88]), death (OR 0.49 [0.30-0.79]) and ICU admission (OR 0.57 [0.43-0.77]) at D7, but only with ICU admission (OR 0.58 [0.43-0.77]) at D28. Older age and a history of microvascular complications were predictors of death at D28 in both sexes, while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was predictive of death in women only. At admission, CRP, AST and eGFR predicted death in both sexes. Lymphocytopenia was an independent predictor of death in women only, while thrombocytopenia and elevated plasma glucose concentration were predictors of death in men only. Conclusions: In patients with diabetes admitted for COVID-19, female sex was associated with lower incidence of early severe outcomes, but did not influence the overall in-hospital mortality, suggesting that diabetes mitigates the female protection from COVID-19 severity. Sex-associated biological determinants may be useful to optimize COVID-19 prevention and management in women and men.

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Diabetes, obesity, metabolism, and SARS-CoV-2 infection: the end of the beginning

Cited by 218 publications

References 178 publications

7-Ketocholesterol: Effects on viral infections and hypothetical contribution in COVID-19

7-Ketocholesterol: Effects on viral infections and hypothetical contribution in COVID-19

Not so sweet and simple: impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the β cell

Sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes of inpatients with diabetes: insights from the CORONADO study

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