Attributes of Bean Yellow Mosaic Potyvirus Transmission from Clover to Snap Beans by Four Species of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Abstract

After characterization of the natural spread of necrosis-inducing Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus, BYMV(N)), nonpersistently transmitted from clover, Trifolium repens L., to an adjacent field of snap bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., in western Oregon, we established a study site enabling us to investigate the virus reservoir, to observe en masse transmission of BYMV(N) to bean plants, and to identify aphid species associated with virus spread. Colonies of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and Aphis fabae Scopoli associated with virus spread were established in an insectary and shown to vector this virus. Although Nearctaphis bakeri (Cowen) comprised 68% of aphid alatae taken from bean leaves during virus spread, we were unable to show that this species could vector the virus by using the same methods that were successful for the other species. Instead, we found that when two distinct N. bakeri colonies unexpectedly emerged from the roots of T. repens BYMV(N) source plants (WZwc #6 and #11) that were present in the laboratory (insectary), these aphids transmitted BYMVN at rates comparable with those of M. persicae and A. pisum. Transmission of BYMVN also occurred with two other N. bakeri colonies maintained for 4 mo on Trifolium pratense L. (NZwc Sch 3B and Sch 7C) BYMVN source plants. Each of these four BYMVN transmission successes also demonstrated an unprecedented once-only transmission of BYMV(N) by N. bakeri colonies. Our experience with western Oregon N. bakeri colonies was compared with descriptions of this native North American species after its 1960-1980s arrival in France, Germany, and Italy.

Antiviral activity of chitosan nanoparticles for controlling plant-infecting viruses

“…5 The virus is naturally transmitted by over 20 species of aphids, resulting in a high rate of viral infections for faba bean and other host species. 6 BYMV and most plant viruses are conventionally managed by pesticide applications against insect vectors. 7 However, from a sustainability point of view, the extensive use of pesticides tremendously affects the environment and the whole ecosystem.…”

Ant-hemipteran associations in a market-gardening based agro-system in a Yaoundé suburb, Centre Region (Cameroon)

“…They might be very harmful since they are highly prolific and usually determine outbreaks on growing plants (Guerrieri and Digilio, 2008). Furthermore, by the saliva bearing pathogen injections, hemipterans could act as vectors of some pathogenic microorganisms (Blackman andEastop, 2000, Jones, 2003;Ng and Perry, 2004;Hampton et al, 2005;Brault et al, 2010). Such threats usually affect plant growth, productivity and, may have a real impact on leaves and fruit yield.…”

FEDERAL RESEARCH CENTER FOR VEGETABLE GROWING — 100-YEAR HISTORY AS A BASIS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS (review)

“…Основные причины возникающих эпифитотий фитовирусов -появление новых, более агрессивных штаммов, возделывание сортов со слабой устойчивостью, неконтролируемая торговля посадочным и семенным материалом, появление новых видов векторов-переносчиков и недостаточные меры борьбы с ними (44,45 (48,49). Для выделения форм, устойчивых к заболеваниям, разрабатываются и непрерывно модифицируются методы оценки и отбора в зависимости от биологических особенностей растенийхозяев и фитопатогенов в рамках целевой селекции.…”